PLAU Antibody
Product Specs
Target Background
- The combination of decoy receptor 3, soluble urokinase type plasminogen activator receptor, and procalcitonin improved the sensitivity and specificity of sepsis diagnosis, suggesting that using these three markers together enhances the efficiency of sepsis diagnosis. PMID: 29760745
- High PLAU expression is associated with lung adenocarcinoma. PMID: 28454121
- Increased expression of uPA in epidermal cells in psoriasis and in tumor cells in basal cell carcinomas suggests a crucial role of the uPA system in the aggressive proliferation and invasion of epidermal cells. PMID: 28429105
- This study provides strong support for the role of L. reuteri in suppressing GC cell invasion by downregulating pathways involved in extracellular matrix degradation, such as uPA and uPAR. PMID: 28643742
- Gelsolin enhances the invasive capacity of colon cancer cells by increasing intracellular superoxide (O2.-) levels through interaction with Cu/ZnSOD. Gelsolin gene expression positively correlates with urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA), a significant matrix-degrading protease involved in cancer invasion. PMID: 27391159
- This study provides evidence that the stimulation of the u-PA/u-PAR system contributes to the activated phenotype and function of cancer-associated fibroblasts during multiple myeloma. PMID: 28340565
- OB-Rb, RhoA/ROCK, PI3K/AKT, JAK/STAT pathways, and NF-kB activation are involved in leptin-induced uPA expression. PMID: 28104444
- Results demonstrate that uPA and IGF1R directly interact with uPAR, enhancing the malignant potential of triple-negative breast cancer. PMID: 27502396
- These findings suggest that the low endogenous levels of uPA in blood are actively regulated, and these regulatory mechanisms are disrupted in QPD in a megakaryocyte-specific manner. PMID: 28301587
- An intricate link between caveolin-1 and Src kinase-mediated cell signaling and alveolar epithelial cell apoptosis due to loss of SP-C expression through p53 and uPA system-mediated cross-talk is reported. PMID: 28385810
- Results indicate that the uPA/uPAR/LRP1 system is a potential target for developing therapeutic strategies to promote axonal recovery following a CNS injury. PMID: 27986809
- This research concluded that aspirin suppressed prostate cancer cell invasion by reducing MMP-9 activity and uPA expression through decreasing IKK-beta-mediated NF-kappaB activation. This finding suggests that aspirin's ability to inhibit cell invasion could be beneficial in the chemoprevention of metastatic prostate cancer. PMID: 28278500
- These studies identify uPA-dependent de-repression of vegfr1 and vegfr2 gene transcription through binding to HHEX/PRH as a novel mechanism by which uPA mediates the pro-angiogenic effects of VEGF. This discovery identifies a potential new target for controlling pathological angiogenesis. PMID: 27151212
- The upregulation of uPA mRNAs correlated with high-risk clinicopathological features, including extrathyroid invasion, loss of cellular polarity/cohesiveness, and the BRAF(V600E) mutation. PMID: 25085839
- Transplantation of uPA gene-modified mesenchymal stem cells suppressed liver fibrosis and improved liver function, suggesting a new approach for treating liver fibrosis. PMID: 26877613
- ApaL1 and Taq1 single nucleotide polymorphisms of the urokinase and VDR genes are associated with recurrent urolithiasis in a Caucasian population. PMID: 26275878
- Resveratrol inhibited hypoxia-induced HIF-1alpha protein expression. Resveratrol also suppressed hypoxia-induced expression of metastatic-related factors, uPA, and MMP2. PMID: 26707376
- The significance of the urokinase-type plasminogen activator and its receptor in the progression of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis in clinical and mouse models is highlighted. PMID: 26846181
- Data suggest that enhanced levels of uPA in breast cancer modulate the mitogenic effects of EGF, providing a better understanding of breast cancer pathogenesis. PMID: 25641046
- Results found high levels of uPA and uPAR exclusively in metastatic osteosarcoma (OS) cells, suggesting that malignant conversion of OS cells to the uPA/uPAR axis occurs in an autocrine and paracrine fashion. PMID: 26317203
- The morphologically normal tissue adjacent to the tumor shows substantial expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 and, in some cases, enhanced activity of uPA and ACE, which contributes to the increased invasive potential of the tumor. PMID: 26978018
- It was found that the recombinant fusion protein uPA17-34-KPI(kunitz-type protease inhibitor) inhibited the invasion and metastasis of ovarian tumors. PMID: 26166362
- The crystal structure of uPA bound with cyclic peptidic inhibitors is presented. PMID: 25744057
- u-PA is a dysregulated gene involved in the tumorigenesis, bio-pathological features, and outcomes of EEC. PMID: 26033187
- High cytoplasmic expression of uPA is associated with cells of rectal cancer and metastases of perienteric lymph nodes. PMID: 26504024
- DIM can influence the cell migratory and invasive properties of human colorectal cancer cells and may decrease the invasive capacity of colorectal cancer through downregulation of uPA and MMP9 mediated by suppression of the transcription factor FOXM1. PMID: 25962429
- Porphyromonas gingivalis-derived RgpA-Kgp complex activates the macrophage uPA. PMID: 25979345
- SNP P141L is associated with collateral circulation in coronary artery disease. PMID: 24952395
- Using uPA(1-43) amino acids specifically binding to uPAR as the targeted part of a fusion protein and leveraging the antitumor activity of melittin, this recombinant fusion protein was able to inhibit the growth of ovarian tumors. PMID: 25394558
- uPA/uPAR stimulates triglyceride synthesis in Huh7 hepatoma cells through p38-dependent upregulation of DGAT2. PMID: 25244504
- This study investigated urokinase-type plasminogen activator regulation in cigarette smoke extract (CSE)-induced EMT in human small airway epithelial cell lines (HSAEpiCs) and in the small airway epithelium of COPD patients. PMID: 25706093
- Silencing of ETV4 suppresses invasion of prostate cancer cells by inhibiting the expression of uPA/uPAR as well as MMP-2 and MMP-9. PMID: 25544710
- miR-193b inhibits the expression of stathmin 1 (STMN1) and urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) in Panc-1 cells. PMID: 25215905
- Activation of uPA and MMP-3 in the perifocal zone of the tumor can serve as an index of its invasive activity. PMID: 25993872
- These data support the hypothesis that uPA upregulation stimulated by macrophages may play an active role in the onset of osteoarthritis and in the shear-stress protection against this induction. PMID: 23597113
- High preprocedural plasma uPA and serum CRP levels are indicative of angina recurrence after successful PTCA and are valuable for the prognosis of restenosis. PMID: 24057344
- Data indicate that urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) activates epithelial sodium channel, gamma subunit (ENaC gamma), through catalytic activity-dependent proteolytic modification. PMID: 25555911
- IL-17 may act as a chemotropic factor for peripheral blood-Mesenchymal stem cells by increasing cell motility and uPA expression during inflammation development. PMID: 25433194
- This finding suggests a possible protective effect of podocyte uPA/uPAR expression against interstitial fibrosis in IgA nephritis. PMID: 24648800
- High u-PA expression is associated with metastasis in breast cancer. PMID: 24610082
- In human coronary vascular smooth muscle, uPA induces uPAR-independent, domain-dependent smooth muscle cell proliferation through transactivation of EGFR by a plasmin-mediated, ADAM-induced, and HB-EGF-dependent process. PMID: 25082749
- IL-33 is involved in u-PA-driven angiogenesis, a process previously shown to be linked to inflammation in various pathologies. PMID: 24702774
- IL-1beta-induced urokinase plasminogen activator expression via activation of the ERK1/2 and NF-kappaB pathways, which results in invasion of gastric cancer cells. PMID: 24626561
- This study examined the relationship between uPA gene polymorphisms and clinical manifestations of idiopathic membranous nephropathy. PMID: 24822208
- These effects were mediated by the efficient conversion of pro-uPA to active uPA and high phosphorylation levels of ERK detected in the PANC-1 cells expressing exogenous polyserase-1. PMID: 24756697
- No association was found between allele frequency and risk of multiple sclerosis for any single nucleotide polymorphism investigated for PLAU. PMID: 23897640
- The results of this study suggest that uPA decreases the removal of HDL-cholesteryl ester in the liver through suppression of the hepatic scavenger receptor class B type I (SR-BI) expression. PMID: 24529115
- The findings provide evidence that oncogenic K-Ras and loss of Smad4 mediate invasion by activating an EGFR/NF-kappaB Axis that induces expression of MMP9 and uPA in human pancreas progenitor cells. PMID: 24340014
- This research demonstrates that the rs2227564 C/T SNP in the u-PA gene is associated with the development of oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma. PMID: 23621237
- Decreasing uPA levels sensitized cancer cells to TRAIL, leading to significantly increased apoptosis. PMID: 24481457
Customer Reviews
Applications : WB
Review: Western blot analysis of uPA and PAI-1 in A1235 and H4 cells after treatment with ATRA and PJ-34: After the prolonged treatment with 10 µ M ATRA and 20 µ M PJ-34 and their combination, the whole cell lysates were immunoblotted against indicated antibodies. ( A ) Analysis of A1235 cells; ( B ) analysis of H4 cells.
Q&A
Basic Research Questions
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What is PLAU and what biological functions does it serve?
PLAU (Plasminogen Activator Urokinase) is secreted as an inactive single-chain precursor protein (Pro-urokinase or Pro-uPA) by various cells including vascular endothelial cells, renal epithelial cells, fibroblasts, monocytes, macrophages, smooth muscle cells, and tumor cells of different origin. Following proteolytic cleavage, two resulting chains are disulfide bonded together with an amino-terminal A-chain (ATF) with EGF-like growth factor and Kringle domains bound to a catalytically active peptidase, the C-terminal B-chain. PLAU binds to cell-surface CD87 (also known as Urokinase Plasminogen Activator Receptor or uPA-R) and efficiently acts upon plasminogen to generate active plasmin, which degrades blood plasma proteins and dissolves fibrin blood clots. It also activates collagenases involved in the breakdown of the extracellular matrix and some mediators of the complement system .
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What are the common applications for PLAU antibodies in research?
PLAU antibodies are commonly used in several research applications:
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Western Blot (WB): For protein detection in cell and tissue lysates
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Immunohistochemistry (IHC): To visualize protein expression in tissue sections
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Flow Cytometry (FCM): For analyzing expression in cell populations
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ELISA: For quantitative detection of PLAU
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Immunoprecipitation: For protein isolation and interaction studies
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Immunofluorescence (IF): For cellular localization studies
These applications enable researchers to study PLAU expression, localization, and function in various experimental contexts .
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What types of PLAU antibodies are available for research?
Researchers have access to several types of PLAU antibodies:
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Monoclonal antibodies: Derived from a single B-cell clone, offering high specificity but potentially limited epitope recognition
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Polyclonal antibodies: Derived from multiple B-cell clones, recognizing multiple epitopes
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Recombinant antibodies: Generated through molecular biology techniques, offering improved reproducibility and specificity
These antibodies are available in various formats including unconjugated or conjugated with fluorophores (FITC, PE, Alexa Fluor), enzymes (HRP), or affinity tags (biotin) .
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What tissue and species reactivity do most PLAU antibodies exhibit?
PLAU antibodies are primarily developed against human PLAU, but many exhibit cross-reactivity with mouse (Ms) and rat (Rt) orthologs due to conserved sequences. Human PLAU is primarily expressed in the prostate gland and prostate cancers, though its expression can be induced in various tissues and cell types. When selecting a PLAU antibody, researchers should verify species reactivity and test in relevant experimental systems. Many commercial antibodies specify reactivity with human, mouse, and rat proteins, but validation in specific tissues of interest is recommended for optimal results .
Table 1: Common Applications and Recommended Dilutions for PLAU Antibodies
| Application | Recommended Dilution | Key Considerations |
|---|---|---|
| Western Blot (WB) | 1:500-1:2000 | Verify band at ~48.5 kDa; use positive and negative controls |
| Immunohistochemistry (IHC) | 1:20-1:200 | Optimize fixation and antigen retrieval; use isotype controls |
| Flow Cytometry (FCM) | As specified per antibody | Use compensation controls; compare with isotype controls |
| ELISA | Application-specific | Standard curves using recombinant PLAU recommended |
| Immunoprecipitation | Application-specific | Verify antibody binding to native protein |
Table 2: Performance Comparison of Different Antibody Types for PLAU Detection
| Antibody Type | Advantages | Limitations | Best Applications |
|---|---|---|---|
| Monoclonal | High specificity, batch consistency | Limited epitope recognition | WB, ELISA, FCM |
| Polyclonal | Multiple epitope recognition, higher sensitivity | Batch variation, potential cross-reactivity | IHC, IP |
| Recombinant | High reproducibility, consistent performance | Higher cost, limited availability | All applications, especially where reproducibility is critical |
Table 3: PLAU Expression and Function in Different Cellular Contexts
| Cell/Tissue Type | PLAU Expression | Biological Function | Research Applications |
|---|---|---|---|
| Vascular endothelial cells | Constitutive/inducible | Angiogenesis, vascular remodeling | Vascular biology, cancer research |
| Renal epithelial cells | Low/inducible | Tissue remodeling, wound healing | Kidney disease models |
| Fibroblasts | Inducible | ECM degradation, tissue repair | Wound healing, fibrosis studies |
| Monocytes/Macrophages | Inducible | Cell migration, inflammation | Immunology, inflammation research |
| Tumor cells | Often overexpressed | Invasion, metastasis | Cancer research, biomarker studies |
