PREX2 Antibody, HRP conjugated
Description
Introduction to PREX2 Antibody, HRP Conjugated
The PREX2 Antibody, HRP conjugated is a specialized immunological reagent designed for detecting the protein Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate-dependent Rac exchange factor 2 (PREX2) in biological samples. This antibody is conjugated to Horseradish Peroxidase (HRP), an enzyme used for chromogenic detection in assays like ELISA, Western blotting, and immunohistochemistry (IHC). PREX2 is implicated in cancer progression, particularly hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), where it modulates PTEN-AKT signaling to promote cell proliferation and migration .
Key Features
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HRP Conjugation: Enables colorimetric detection via substrates like TMB or DAB .
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Target Specificity: Binds to the C-terminal region (AA 1417–1592) of PREX2, ensuring precise detection .
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Buffer Requirements: Compatible with PBS-based buffers; avoid Tris, BSA, or sodium azide .
Role in Cancer Pathways
PREX2 functions as a Rac GEF, activating Rac1 GTPase in a PI3K-dependent manner . In HCC, PREX2 upregulation inhibits PTEN phosphatase activity, leading to:
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Enhanced Proliferation and Migration: Observed in HCC cell lines (e.g., PLHC-1) .
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Clinical Relevance: High PREX2 expression correlates with poor prognosis in HCC .
Mechanistic Insights
Experimental Use of HRP-Conjugated Antibodies
The HRP-conjugated PREX2 antibody is optimized for:
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ELISA: Quantitative assessment of PREX2 levels in lysates or serum .
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Western Blotting: Detection of PREX2 in tumor vs. normal tissue lysates .
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IHC: Localization of PREX2 in HCC tissues (e.g., membrane/cytoplasmic staining) .
Optimized Protocol for HRP-Conjugated Antibody Use
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Sample Preparation: Lyse cells in RIPA buffer with protease inhibitors.
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Detection:
Key Considerations
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Specificity: Ensure no cross-reactivity with non-target proteins (e.g., DEPDC1) .
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Stability: HRP conjugates degrade over time; use stabilizers like LifeXtend™ .
PREX2 in HCC Progression
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Upregulation in Tumors: PREX2 mRNA/protein levels are elevated in HCC vs. normal liver tissue .
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Functional Impact:
Therapeutic Potential
Product Specs
Constituents: 50% Glycerol, 0.01M PBS, pH 7.4
Target Background
- A study demonstrated that miR-637 inhibits melanoma cell proliferation by activating the AKT signaling pathway and inducing apoptosis through the regulation of Bcl-2/Bax expression by targeting P-REX2a. PMID: 30213289
- MiR-338-3p suppresses TNF-alpha-induced lipogenesis in sebocytes by targeting PREX2a and down-regulating PI3K/AKT signaling. PMID: 28597147
- PREX2 is involved in complex signaling mechanisms that involve PI3K/AKT/PTEN and downstream epigenetic machinery to deregulate the expression of key cell cycle regulators. PMID: 27111337
- PREX2 was identified as a frequently mutated gene in human melanoma. Mutations in PREX2 can accelerate human melanoma growth. PMID: 28100393
- The rapid tumor onset observed in a replication attempt, compared to the original study, makes the detection of accelerated tumor growth in PREX2 expressing NRAS(G12D) melanocytes extremely difficult. PMID: 28100394
- Elevated PREX2 protein expression is associated with the pathogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma. PMID: 28205209
- Knockdown of PREX2a may effectively inhibit the malignant phenotype of glioma. PMID: 26795161
- The results of a study suggested that PREX2a may act as an oncogene in osteosarcoma via the inhibition of PTEN activity and activation of PI3K signaling. PMID: 26718453
- Findings identify PREX2 as a mediator of NRAS-mutant melanoma development that acts through the PI3K/PTEN/Akt pathway to regulate gene expression of a cell cycle regulator. PMID: 26884185
- Second messengers activate the Rac1 signal, which sets in motion a cascade whereby PAKs phosphorylate and negatively regulate PREX2 to decrease Rac1 activation. PMID: 26438819
- PREX2 mutants are likely selected in cancer to escape PTEN-mediated inhibition of invasion. PMID: 25829446
- CXCL9 is involved in the invasion ability of hepatocellular carcinoma cells possibly through the up-regulation of its potential effector PREX2. PMID: 25151370
- Results demonstrate that miR-338-3p affects gastric cancer progression through PTEN-AKT signaling by targeting P-Rex2a in gastric cancer cells. PMID: 24375644
- P-REX2 PH-domain-mediated inhibition of PTEN has a role in regulating insulin sensitivity and glucose homeostasis. PMID: 24367090
- MiR-338-3p affects the PTEN/Akt pathway by down-regulating PREX2a. PMID: 24140344
- Analysis of whole-genome sequence data identified PREX2 (phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate-dependent Rac exchange factor 2)--a PTEN-interacting protein and negative regulator of PTEN in breast cancer--as a significantly mutated gene with a mutation frequency of approximately 14% in an independent extension cohort of 107 human melanomas. PMID: 22622578
- This suggests that aberrant control of PTEN by P-REX2a may represent a key tumorigenic mechanism, in agreement with recent studies supporting the pathological relevance of several other proposed PTEN regulators. PMID: 19861688
- P-REX2 may serve as a novel link between Rac activation and the PI-3 kinase pathway. PMID: 15304342
- P-Rex2 is a 183 kDa protein that activates the small GTPase Rac and is regulated by phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5)-trisphosphate. PMID: 15304343
- The pleckstrin homology domain of the Dbl family guanine nucleotide exchange factor P-Rex2 has a role in substrate specificity and recognition. PMID: 15897194
- A study identified P-REX2a as a PTEN-interacting protein. P-REX2a inhibited PTEN lipid phosphatase activity and stimulated the PI3K pathway only in the presence of PTEN. P-REX2a is a component of the PI3K pathway that can antagonize PTEN in cancer cells. PMID: 19729658
