Nepafenac D5
Catalog Number: BT-253138
CAS Number: 1246814-53-8
Molecular Formula: C15H9D5N2O2
Molecular Weight: 259.31
The product is for non-human research only. Not for therapeutic or veterinary use.
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Product Introduction
Description
Nepafenac D5 is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) that is used to treat pain and inflammation in the eye after cataract surgery. It is a deuterated form of nepafenac, which means that it contains five atoms of deuterium instead of hydrogen. This modification enhances the drug's stability and prolongs its half-life, which can improve its therapeutic efficacy.
Properties
CAS Number
1246814-53-8
Product Name
Nepafenac D5
IUPAC Name
2-[2-amino-3-(2,3,4,5,6-pentadeuteriobenzoyl)phenyl]acetamide
Molecular Formula
C15H9D5N2O2
Molecular Weight
259.31
InChI
InChI=1S/C15H14N2O2/c16-13(18)9-11-7-4-8-12(14(11)17)15(19)10-5-2-1-3-6-10/h1-8H,9,17H2,(H2,16,18)/i1D,2D,3D,5D,6D
SMILES
C1=CC=C(C=C1)C(=O)C2=CC=CC(=C2N)CC(=O)N
Method of Synthesis or Extraction
Nepafenac D5 can be synthesized using various methods, including deuterium exchange, catalytic hydrogenation, and deuterium gas-phase exchange. Deuterium exchange involves the replacement of hydrogen atoms with deuterium atoms in the presence of a deuterating agent. Catalytic hydrogenation involves the reduction of a precursor compound using a catalyst and hydrogen gas. Deuterium gas-phase exchange involves the exposure of a precursor compound to deuterium gas under high pressure and temperature.
The efficiency and yield of each method depend on various factors, such as the starting material, reaction conditions, and catalyst used. Deuterium exchange is the most commonly used method for synthesizing nepafenac D5, and it can yield up to 90% of the desired product. However, this method can be expensive and time-consuming. Catalytic hydrogenation can also yield high amounts of nepafenac D5, but it requires specialized equipment and expertise. Deuterium gas-phase exchange is a relatively new method that has shown promising results, but it requires further optimization.
Environmental and safety considerations are important when synthesizing nepafenac D5. Deuterium exchange and catalytic hydrogenation can generate hazardous waste and require the use of toxic reagents and solvents. Proper disposal and handling of these materials are necessary to minimize their impact on the environment and human health. Deuterium gas-phase exchange is a cleaner method that produces less waste and does not require toxic reagents, but it requires high-pressure equipment that can pose safety risks.
The efficiency and yield of each method depend on various factors, such as the starting material, reaction conditions, and catalyst used. Deuterium exchange is the most commonly used method for synthesizing nepafenac D5, and it can yield up to 90% of the desired product. However, this method can be expensive and time-consuming. Catalytic hydrogenation can also yield high amounts of nepafenac D5, but it requires specialized equipment and expertise. Deuterium gas-phase exchange is a relatively new method that has shown promising results, but it requires further optimization.
Environmental and safety considerations are important when synthesizing nepafenac D5. Deuterium exchange and catalytic hydrogenation can generate hazardous waste and require the use of toxic reagents and solvents. Proper disposal and handling of these materials are necessary to minimize their impact on the environment and human health. Deuterium gas-phase exchange is a cleaner method that produces less waste and does not require toxic reagents, but it requires high-pressure equipment that can pose safety risks.
Chemical Structure and Biological Activity
The chemical structure of nepafenac D5 is similar to that of nepafenac, with the addition of five deuterium atoms. Nepafenac D5 is a prodrug that is converted to its active form, amfenac, by hydrolysis in the eye. Amfenac inhibits the activity of cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes, which are responsible for the production of prostaglandins that cause pain and inflammation.
Nepafenac D5 has similar biological activity and potency as nepafenac, with the added benefit of improved stability and longer half-life. It has been shown to effectively reduce pain and inflammation in the eye after cataract surgery, with fewer side effects than other Nepafenac D5s.
Nepafenac D5 has similar biological activity and potency as nepafenac, with the added benefit of improved stability and longer half-life. It has been shown to effectively reduce pain and inflammation in the eye after cataract surgery, with fewer side effects than other Nepafenac D5s.
Biological Effects
Nepafenac D5's mechanism of action involves the inhibition of COX enzymes, which reduces the production of prostaglandins that cause pain and inflammation. This inhibition can also affect other cellular processes, such as cell signaling and gene expression.
Nepafenac D5's potential therapeutic effects include its use in the treatment of pain and inflammation in the eye after cataract surgery. Its use in other ocular conditions, such as uveitis and macular edema, is also being investigated. However, its potential toxic effects, such as corneal toxicity and ocular irritation, need to be further studied.
Nepafenac D5's potential therapeutic effects include its use in the treatment of pain and inflammation in the eye after cataract surgery. Its use in other ocular conditions, such as uveitis and macular edema, is also being investigated. However, its potential toxic effects, such as corneal toxicity and ocular irritation, need to be further studied.
Applications
In medical research, nepafenac D5's role in drug development and clinical trials is significant. Its use in the treatment of pain and inflammation in the eye after cataract surgery has been extensively studied, and its efficacy and safety have been established. Its potential use in other ocular conditions, such as uveitis and macular edema, is also being investigated.
In environmental research, nepafenac D5's effects on ecosystems and its role in pollution management are not well-studied. Its sustainability and environmental impact need to be further evaluated.
In industrial research, nepafenac D5's use in manufacturing processes and improving product quality and efficiency is significant. Its health and safety considerations, such as proper handling and disposal of hazardous waste, need to be addressed.
In environmental research, nepafenac D5's effects on ecosystems and its role in pollution management are not well-studied. Its sustainability and environmental impact need to be further evaluated.
In industrial research, nepafenac D5's use in manufacturing processes and improving product quality and efficiency is significant. Its health and safety considerations, such as proper handling and disposal of hazardous waste, need to be addressed.
Future Perspectives and Challenges
Current limitations in the use and study of nepafenac D5 include its high cost and limited availability. Possible solutions and improvements include the optimization of synthesis methods and the development of more cost-effective and scalable production processes.
Future trends and prospects in the application of nepafenac D5 in scientific research include its potential use in other ocular conditions and its combination with other drugs for enhanced therapeutic efficacy. However, its potential toxic effects and long-term safety need to be further studied.
In conclusion, nepafenac D5 is a promising drug that has shown significant potential in the treatment of pain and inflammation in the eye after cataract surgery. Its improved stability and longer half-life make it a valuable addition to the field of ophthalmology. However, further studies are needed to fully understand its biological effects, potential toxicities, and environmental impact.
Future trends and prospects in the application of nepafenac D5 in scientific research include its potential use in other ocular conditions and its combination with other drugs for enhanced therapeutic efficacy. However, its potential toxic effects and long-term safety need to be further studied.
In conclusion, nepafenac D5 is a promising drug that has shown significant potential in the treatment of pain and inflammation in the eye after cataract surgery. Its improved stability and longer half-life make it a valuable addition to the field of ophthalmology. However, further studies are needed to fully understand its biological effects, potential toxicities, and environmental impact.
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