Lesinurad sodium
Catalog Number: BT-253175
CAS Number: 1151516-14-1
Molecular Formula: C17H13BrN3NaO2S
Molecular Weight: 426.2638
The product is for non-human research only. Not for therapeutic or veterinary use.
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Product Introduction
Description
Lesinurad sodium is a uric acid transporter inhibitor that is used in combination with other medications to treat gout. It was approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 2015 and is marketed under the brand name Zurampic. Lesinurad sodium is a small molecule that selectively inhibits the uric acid transporter 1 (URAT1) and organic anion transporter 4 (OAT4), which are responsible for the reabsorption of uric acid in the kidneys. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive review of lesinurad sodium, including its method of synthesis or extraction, chemical structure and biological activity, biological effects, applications, and future perspectives and challenges.
Properties
CAS Number
1151516-14-1
Product Name
Lesinurad sodium
IUPAC Name
sodium;2-[[5-bromo-4-(4-cyclopropylnaphthalen-1-yl)-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl]sulfanyl]acetate
Molecular Formula
C17H13BrN3NaO2S
Molecular Weight
426.2638
InChI
InChI=1S/C17H14BrN3O2S.Na/c18-16-19-20-17(24-9-15(22)23)21(16)14-8-7-11(10-5-6-10)12-3-1-2-4-13(12)14;/h1-4,7-8,10H,5-6,9H2,(H,22,23);/q;+1/p-1
InChI Key
FVYMVLTWIBGEMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M
SMILES
C1CC1C2=CC=C(C3=CC=CC=C23)N4C(=NN=C4Br)SCC(=O)[O-].[Na+]
Solubility
Soluble in DMSO, not in water
Synonyms
Lesinurad sodium; Lesinurad; RDEA594; RDEA 594; RDEA-594, brand name: Zurampic.
Method of Synthesis or Extraction
Lesinurad sodium is synthesized using a multi-step process that involves the reaction of 2,4-dichloro-5-nitropyrimidine with 4-methylbenzenesulfonamide to form 2,4-dichloro-5-nitro-N-(4-methylbenzenesulfonyl)pyrimidine. This intermediate is then reduced to 2,4-dichloro-5-amino-N-(4-methylbenzenesulfonyl)pyrimidine using palladium on carbon as a catalyst. The final step involves the reaction of 2,4-dichloro-5-amino-N-(4-methylbenzenesulfonyl)pyrimidine with sodium hydroxide to form lesinurad sodium.
The efficiency and yield of the synthesis process depend on the reaction conditions and the quality of the starting materials. The overall yield of the synthesis process is around 20%, which is considered moderate. The synthesis process is relatively safe and environmentally friendly, as it does not involve any hazardous reagents or byproducts.
The efficiency and yield of the synthesis process depend on the reaction conditions and the quality of the starting materials. The overall yield of the synthesis process is around 20%, which is considered moderate. The synthesis process is relatively safe and environmentally friendly, as it does not involve any hazardous reagents or byproducts.
Chemical Structure and Biological Activity
Lesinurad sodium has a molecular formula of C17H13Cl2N5NaO3S and a molecular weight of 476.28 g/mol. It is a white to off-white crystalline powder that is soluble in water and ethanol. The chemical structure of lesinurad sodium consists of a pyrimidine ring with two chlorine atoms, a sulfonamide group, and a sodium ion.
The mechanism of action of lesinurad sodium involves the inhibition of URAT1 and OAT4, which are responsible for the reabsorption of uric acid in the kidneys. By inhibiting these transporters, lesinurad sodium increases the excretion of uric acid in the urine, thereby reducing the serum uric acid levels. Lesinurad sodium has been shown to be effective in reducing serum uric acid levels in patients with gout when used in combination with other medications, such as allopurinol.
The mechanism of action of lesinurad sodium involves the inhibition of URAT1 and OAT4, which are responsible for the reabsorption of uric acid in the kidneys. By inhibiting these transporters, lesinurad sodium increases the excretion of uric acid in the urine, thereby reducing the serum uric acid levels. Lesinurad sodium has been shown to be effective in reducing serum uric acid levels in patients with gout when used in combination with other medications, such as allopurinol.
Biological Effects
Lesinurad sodium has been shown to have several biological effects on cell function and signal transduction. It has been shown to inhibit the activity of URAT1 and OAT4, which are involved in the reabsorption of uric acid in the kidneys. Lesinurad sodium has also been shown to reduce the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α, which are involved in the pathogenesis of gout.
In terms of potential therapeutic and toxic effects, lesinurad sodium has been shown to be effective in reducing serum uric acid levels in patients with gout when used in combination with other medications. However, it may cause some adverse effects, such as headache, influenza-like symptoms, and renal impairment. Therefore, it is important to monitor the renal function of patients receiving lesinurad sodium.
In terms of potential therapeutic and toxic effects, lesinurad sodium has been shown to be effective in reducing serum uric acid levels in patients with gout when used in combination with other medications. However, it may cause some adverse effects, such as headache, influenza-like symptoms, and renal impairment. Therefore, it is important to monitor the renal function of patients receiving lesinurad sodium.
Applications
Lesinurad sodium has several applications in medical research, such as its role in drug development, clinical trials, and findings, benefits, and potential side effects. Lesinurad sodium has been shown to be effective in reducing serum uric acid levels in patients with gout when used in combination with other medications, such as allopurinol. Clinical trials have shown that lesinurad sodium is well-tolerated and effective in reducing serum uric acid levels in patients with gout.
In environmental research, lesinurad sodium has been shown to have effects on ecosystems and its role in pollution management and sustainability and environmental impact. Lesinurad sodium has not been extensively studied in terms of its environmental impact, but it is expected to have a low environmental impact due to its low toxicity and biodegradability.
In industrial research, lesinurad sodium has been used in manufacturing processes to improve product quality and efficiency. Health and safety considerations are important when using lesinurad sodium in industrial processes, as it may cause adverse effects if not handled properly.
In environmental research, lesinurad sodium has been shown to have effects on ecosystems and its role in pollution management and sustainability and environmental impact. Lesinurad sodium has not been extensively studied in terms of its environmental impact, but it is expected to have a low environmental impact due to its low toxicity and biodegradability.
In industrial research, lesinurad sodium has been used in manufacturing processes to improve product quality and efficiency. Health and safety considerations are important when using lesinurad sodium in industrial processes, as it may cause adverse effects if not handled properly.
Future Perspectives and Challenges
The current limitations in the use and study of lesinurad sodium include its potential adverse effects, such as renal impairment, and its limited efficacy in some patients with gout. Possible solutions and improvements include the development of new formulations and dosing regimens that minimize the risk of adverse effects and improve the efficacy of lesinurad sodium.
Future trends and prospects in the application of lesinurad sodium in scientific research include the development of new medications that target other transporters involved in the reabsorption of uric acid in the kidneys. This may lead to the development of more effective and safer medications for the treatment of gout.
Conclusion:
Lesinurad sodium is a uric acid transporter inhibitor that is used in combination with other medications to treat gout. It is synthesized using a multi-step process that is relatively safe and environmentally friendly. Lesinurad sodium has a chemical structure that consists of a pyrimidine ring with two chlorine atoms, a sulfonamide group, and a sodium ion. Its mechanism of action involves the inhibition of URAT1 and OAT4, which are responsible for the reabsorption of uric acid in the kidneys. Lesinurad sodium has several biological effects on cell function and signal transduction and has several applications in medical, environmental, and industrial research. The future perspectives and challenges in the use and study of lesinurad sodium include the development of new formulations and dosing regimens and the development of new medications that target other transporters involved in the reabsorption of uric acid in the kidneys.
Future trends and prospects in the application of lesinurad sodium in scientific research include the development of new medications that target other transporters involved in the reabsorption of uric acid in the kidneys. This may lead to the development of more effective and safer medications for the treatment of gout.
Conclusion:
Lesinurad sodium is a uric acid transporter inhibitor that is used in combination with other medications to treat gout. It is synthesized using a multi-step process that is relatively safe and environmentally friendly. Lesinurad sodium has a chemical structure that consists of a pyrimidine ring with two chlorine atoms, a sulfonamide group, and a sodium ion. Its mechanism of action involves the inhibition of URAT1 and OAT4, which are responsible for the reabsorption of uric acid in the kidneys. Lesinurad sodium has several biological effects on cell function and signal transduction and has several applications in medical, environmental, and industrial research. The future perspectives and challenges in the use and study of lesinurad sodium include the development of new formulations and dosing regimens and the development of new medications that target other transporters involved in the reabsorption of uric acid in the kidneys.
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