ITI-214 (free base) is a picomolar PDE1 inhibitor with excellent selectivity against other PDE family members and against a panel of enzymes, receptors, transporters, and ion channels, exhibits potent PDE1 inhibitory activity (Ki = 58 pM).IC50 value: 58 pM (Ki)Target: PDE1in vitro: ITI-214 exhibits picomolar inhibitory potency for PDE1, demonstrates excellent selectivity against all other PDE families. ITI214 exhibits excellent selectivity over other PDE familymembers. For instance, the Ki values of ITI214 against recombinant full-length human PDE1A, PDE1B, and PDE1C are 33 pM, 380 pM, and 35 pM, respectively. ITI214 is profiled in a panel of enzymes, receptors, transporters, and ion channels from Caliper at 10 μM, which is over 170000 times higher than its Ki for PDE1, and demonstrates good selectivity. [1]in vivo: ITI214 possesses a good overall profile with balanced physicochemical properties, excellent potency and selectivity, and good pharmacokinetics. ITI214 is found to significantly enhance memory performance in the test with a minimum effective dose of 3 mg/kg. [1]
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PDE1-IN-1 (phosphate) is a small molecule inhibitor that targets phosphodiesterase 1 (PDE1), an enzyme that plays a crucial role in regulating intracellular levels of cyclic nucleotides. PDE1-IN-1 has gained significant attention in recent years due to its potential therapeutic applications in various diseases, including cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and neurological disorders. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive review of PDE1-IN-1, including its method of synthesis or extraction, chemical structure, biological activity, biological effects, applications, future perspectives, and challenges.
AHU-377 hemicalcium salt is a chemical compound that has gained significant attention in the scientific community due to its potential therapeutic and environmental applications. It is a neprilysin inhibitor that has been shown to have potent vasodilatory effects and is being studied for its potential use in the treatment of heart failure. In addition, AHU-377 hemicalcium salt has also been investigated for its role in environmental pollution management and industrial manufacturing processes. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive review of AHU-377 hemicalcium salt, including its method of synthesis, chemical structure, biological activity, potential therapeutic and toxic effects, applications in medical, environmental, and industrial research, and future perspectives and challenges.
Delavirdine is a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) that is used in combination with other antiretroviral drugs for the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. It was first approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 1997 and has been used in the treatment of HIV for over two decades.
NB-598 is a potent competitive inhibitor of squalene epoxidase (SE). NB-598 suppresses triglyceride biosynthesis through the farnesol pathway.IC50 value:Target: squalene epoxidaseSE inhibitor NB-598 significantly inhibited both basal and glucose-stimulated insulin secretion from mouse pancreatic islets. CaV channels were markedly inhibited by NB-598.
An orally bioavailable PI3K beta isoform-selective inhibitorReferences:1. RA Rivero, et al, Identification of GSK2636771, a potent and selective, orally bioavailable inhibitor of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-beta (PI3Kβ) for the treatment of PTEN deficient tumors. Cancer Res. 2012, 72(8 Supplement), 2913. 2. RM Sanchez, et al., Synthesis and structure–activity relationships of 1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-7(3H)-ones as novel series of potent β isoform selective phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase inhibitors. Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 2012, 22, 3198-3202. GSK2636771 is a potent, orally bioavailable, PI3Kβ-selective inhibitor, sensitive to PTEN null cell lines. GSK2636771 is a potent, orally bioavailable, PI3Kβ-selective inhibitor, sensitive to PTEN null cell lines. IC50 value:Target:in vitro: GSK-2636771 shows selectively inhibitory activity in PTEN null cell lines (human prostate adenocarcinoma PC-3 and breast cancer HCC70) with EC50 of 36 nM and 72 nM, respectively. GSK2636771 significantly decreases cell viability in p110β-reliant PTEN-deficient PC3 prostate and BT549 and HCC70 breast cancer cell lines, and leads to a marked decrease of AKT phosphorylation only in the control prostate and breast cancer cell lines. in vivo: GSK-2636771 decreases phosphorylated protein kinase Akt (Ser473) levels in these xenograft models. GSK-2636771 (100 mg/kg) do not increase glucose/insulin levels in mice.
Pemetrexed is a chemotherapy drug used to treat various types of cancer, including mesothelioma, non-small cell lung cancer, and other solid tumors. It is a multi-targeted antifolate that inhibits several enzymes involved in the synthesis of nucleotides, leading to the disruption of DNA replication and cell division. Pemetrexed has been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) since 2004 and has been widely used in clinical practice.
Tilmicosin phosphate is a macrolide antibiotic that is commonly used in veterinary medicine to treat respiratory infections in cattle, sheep, and pigs. It is a semi-synthetic derivative of tylosin, which is produced by the bacterium Streptomyces fradiae. Tilmicosin phosphate is a white to off-white powder that is soluble in water and has a molecular weight of 967.14 g/mol.
PF-5274857 is a potent, orally active and selective hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway inhibitor with an IC50 of 5.8 nM and a Ki of 4.6 nM. PF-5274857 was found to effectively penetrate the blood-brain barrier and inhibit Smo activity in the brain of primary medulloblastoma mice, resulting in improved animal survival rates. PF-5274857 was orally available and metabolically stable in vivo. PF-5274857 is a potentially attractive clinical candidate for the treatment of tumor types including brain tumors and brain metastasis driven by an activated Hh pathway.