Buy Atractyloside A (BT-253573)

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Atractyloside A

Catalog Number: BT-253573

CAS Number: 126054-77-1

Molecular Formula: C21H36O10

Molecular Weight: 448.5

The product is for non-human research only. Not for therapeutic or veterinary use.

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Product Introduction

Description

Atractyloside A is a natural compound that belongs to the class of diterpenoid glycosides. It is found in the roots of Atractylodes macrocephala, a traditional Chinese medicinal herb. Atractyloside A has been studied extensively for its biological activity and potential therapeutic applications.

Properties

CAS Number

126054-77-1

Product Name

Atractyloside A

IUPAC Name

(3S,3aR,5R,8R,8aS)-3,8-dihydroxy-8-(hydroxymethyl)-3-methyl-5-[2-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxypropan-2-yl]-3a,4,5,6,7,8a-hexahydro-1H-azulen-2-one

Molecular Formula

C21H36O10

Molecular Weight

448.5

InChI

InChI=1S/C21H36O10/c1-19(2,31-18-17(27)16(26)15(25)13(8-22)30-18)10-4-5-21(29,9-23)12-7-14(24)20(3,28)11(12)6-10/h10-13,15-18,22-23,25-29H,4-9H2,1-3H3/t10-,11-,12+,13-,15-,16+,17-,18+,20+,21+/m1/s1

SMILES

CC1(C2CC(CCC(C2CC1=O)(CO)O)C(C)(C)OC3C(C(C(C(O3)CO)O)O)O)O

Method of Synthesis or Extraction

Atractyloside A can be extracted from the roots of Atractylodes macrocephala using various methods such as maceration, Soxhlet extraction, and supercritical fluid extraction. The efficiency and yield of each method depend on several factors such as the solvent used, extraction time, and temperature. Supercritical fluid extraction has been found to be the most efficient method with a yield of up to 0.5% of the dry weight of the plant material. However, this method requires expensive equipment and is not environmentally friendly. Maceration and Soxhlet extraction are more commonly used methods with yields ranging from 0.01% to 0.1%. These methods are relatively simple and cost-effective but require longer extraction times. Environmental and safety considerations should be taken into account when choosing the extraction method. The use of organic solvents can have adverse effects on the environment and human health.

Chemical Structure and Biological Activity

Atractyloside A has a complex chemical structure consisting of a diterpenoid skeleton and a sugar moiety. The sugar moiety is attached to the diterpenoid skeleton through a glycosidic bond. The biological activity of Atractyloside A is mainly attributed to its ability to inhibit the mitochondrial ADP/ATP carrier, which is involved in the transport of ATP from the mitochondria to the cytosol. This inhibition leads to a decrease in ATP production and an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, which can cause mitochondrial dysfunction and cell death. Atractyloside A has also been found to have anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, and anti-oxidant properties.

Biological Effects

Atractyloside A has been shown to have various biological effects on cell function and signal transduction. It can induce apoptosis in cancer cells by activating the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway. It can also inhibit the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, which are involved in the pathogenesis of various inflammatory diseases. Atractyloside A has been found to have potential therapeutic effects in the treatment of cancer, inflammation, and neurodegenerative diseases. However, it can also have toxic effects on cells and tissues, especially at high concentrations. Atractyloside A has been shown to induce liver and kidney damage in animal studies.

Applications

Atractyloside A has potential applications in medical research, environmental research, and industrial research. In medical research, Atractyloside A can be used as a lead compound in drug development for the treatment of cancer, inflammation, and neurodegenerative diseases. Clinical trials have shown promising results in the use of Atractyloside A in the treatment of liver cancer and Alzheimer's disease. However, further studies are needed to determine its safety and efficacy in humans. In environmental research, Atractyloside A can be used to study the effects of mitochondrial dysfunction on ecosystems and the role of mitochondrial dysfunction in pollution management. In industrial research, Atractyloside A can be used in manufacturing processes to improve product quality and efficiency. However, health and safety considerations should be taken into account when handling Atractyloside A.

Future Perspectives and Challenges

The use and study of Atractyloside A face several limitations and challenges. One of the main challenges is the low yield of Atractyloside A from the plant material, which makes it difficult to obtain large quantities for research and development. Another challenge is the potential toxicity of Atractyloside A, which requires careful consideration of its safety and efficacy in humans. Future research should focus on developing more efficient methods of synthesis or extraction, improving the bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of Atractyloside A, and exploring its potential therapeutic applications in various diseases.

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