Buy Quinpirole hydrochloride (BT-253969)

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Quinpirole hydrochloride

Catalog Number: BT-253969

CAS Number: 85798-08-9

Molecular Formula: C13H22ClN3

Molecular Weight: 255.79 g/mol

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Product Introduction

Description

Quinpirole hydrochloride is a synthetic compound that belongs to the class of dopamine receptor agonists. It is commonly used in medical research for its potential therapeutic effects and in environmental research for its role in pollution management. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive review of quinpirole hydrochloride, including its method of synthesis or extraction, chemical structure and biological activity, biological effects, applications, future perspectives, and challenges.

Properties

CAS Number

85798-08-9

Product Name

Quinpirole hydrochloride

IUPAC Name

(4aR,8aR)-5-propyl-1,4,4a,6,7,8,8a,9-octahydropyrazolo[3,4-g]quinoline;hydrochloride

Molecular Formula

C13H22ClN3

Molecular Weight

255.79 g/mol

InChI

InChI=1S/C13H21N3.ClH/c1-2-5-16-6-3-4-10-7-12-11(8-13(10)16)9-14-15-12;/h9-10,13H,2-8H2,1H3,(H,14,15);1H/t10-,13-;/m1./s1

InChI Key

HJHVRVJTYPKTHX-HTMVYDOJSA-N

SMILES

CCCN1CCCC2C1CC3=C(C2)NN=C3.Cl

Synonyms

(4aR-trans)-4,4a,5,6,7,8,8a,9-Octahydro-5-propyl-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-g]quinoline hydrochloride

Canonical SMILES

CCCN1CCCC2C1CC3=C(C2)NN=C3.Cl

Isomeric SMILES

CCCN1CCC[C@H]2[C@H]1CC3=C(C2)NN=C3.Cl

Method of Synthesis or Extraction

Quinpirole hydrochloride can be synthesized using various methods, including the Mannich reaction, the Gabriel synthesis, and the reductive amination method. The Mannich reaction involves the condensation of an amine, formaldehyde, and a ketone or aldehyde. The Gabriel synthesis involves the reaction of phthalimide with an alkyl halide, followed by hydrolysis and decarboxylation. The reductive amination method involves the reaction of an aldehyde or ketone with an amine in the presence of a reducing agent. The efficiency and yield of each method vary depending on the starting materials and reaction conditions. Environmental and safety considerations should also be taken into account when selecting a method for synthesis or extraction.

Chemical Structure and Biological Activity

Quinpirole hydrochloride has a chemical formula of C13H20ClN3O2 and a molecular weight of 307.77 g/mol. It is a white crystalline powder that is soluble in water and ethanol. Quinpirole hydrochloride acts as a selective agonist of the D2 and D3 dopamine receptors, which are involved in the regulation of motor function, reward, and motivation. It has been shown to have high affinity and potency for these receptors, with an EC50 value of 0.2 nM for the D2 receptor and 0.1 nM for the D3 receptor.

Biological Effects

Quinpirole hydrochloride has been found to have various biological effects on cell function and signal transduction. It has been shown to increase the release of dopamine and inhibit the release of acetylcholine in the striatum, leading to motor effects such as hyperactivity and stereotypy. It has also been shown to modulate the activity of GABAergic and glutamatergic neurons in the striatum and prefrontal cortex, which are involved in cognitive and emotional processes. Quinpirole hydrochloride has potential therapeutic and toxic effects, depending on the dose and duration of exposure.

Applications

Quinpirole hydrochloride has various applications in medical research, such as its role in drug development and clinical trials. It has been used to study the mechanisms of dopamine receptor activation and the effects of dopamine agonists on behavior and cognition. It has also been investigated as a potential treatment for Parkinson's disease, schizophrenia, and drug addiction. In environmental research, quinpirole hydrochloride has been used to study the effects of dopamine receptor agonists on aquatic organisms and the potential for these compounds to accumulate in the environment. In industrial research, quinpirole hydrochloride has been used in manufacturing processes to improve product quality and efficiency, with health and safety considerations taken into account.

Future Perspectives and Challenges

Current limitations in the use and study of quinpirole hydrochloride include the need for more selective and potent dopamine receptor agonists, as well as the need for better understanding of the long-term effects of exposure. Possible solutions and improvements include the development of new synthetic methods and the use of advanced techniques such as optogenetics and chemogenetics to study the effects of dopamine receptor activation in specific cell types and circuits. Future trends and prospects in the application of quinpirole hydrochloride in scientific research include the development of personalized medicine approaches and the use of dopamine receptor agonists as tools for studying the neural basis of behavior and cognition.
Conclusion:
Quinpirole hydrochloride is a synthetic compound that has various applications in medical, environmental, and industrial research. Its method of synthesis or extraction, chemical structure and biological activity, biological effects, applications, future perspectives, and challenges have been reviewed in this paper. Quinpirole hydrochloride has the potential to contribute to the development of new treatments for neurological and psychiatric disorders, as well as to the understanding of the effects of dopamine receptor agonists on the environment and human health.

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