Anpirtoline hydrochloride is a chemical compound that belongs to the class of pyridine derivatives. It is a potent and selective agonist of the 5-HT1B receptor, which is involved in the regulation of neurotransmitter release and the modulation of pain perception. Anpirtoline hydrochloride has been extensively studied for its potential therapeutic applications in the treatment of various neurological disorders, including migraine, depression, and anxiety.
6-chlor-2-(piperidyl-4-thio)pyridine 6-chloro-2-(piperidyl-4-thiol)pyridine anpirtoline anpirtoline hydrochloride D 16949 D-16949
Canonical SMILES
C1CNCCC1SC2=NC(=CC=C2)Cl.Cl
Method of Synthesis or Extraction
Anpirtoline hydrochloride can be synthesized using various methods, including chemical synthesis and extraction from natural sources. Chemical synthesis involves the reaction of pyridine derivatives with various reagents to produce anpirtoline hydrochloride. The efficiency and yield of this method depend on the purity of the starting materials, the reaction conditions, and the expertise of the chemist. Environmental and safety considerations must also be taken into account, as some of the reagents used in the synthesis process can be hazardous to human health and the environment. Extraction from natural sources involves the isolation of anpirtoline hydrochloride from plants or other natural sources that contain the compound. This method is often preferred due to its lower environmental impact and potential for higher yields. However, the availability of natural sources of anpirtoline hydrochloride is limited, and the extraction process can be time-consuming and expensive.
Chemical Structure and Biological Activity
The chemical structure of anpirtoline hydrochloride consists of a pyridine ring with a substituted phenyl group and a hydrochloride salt. The compound has a molecular weight of 308.8 g/mol and a melting point of 220-222°C. Anpirtoline hydrochloride acts as a selective agonist of the 5-HT1B receptor, which is involved in the regulation of neurotransmitter release and the modulation of pain perception. The compound has been shown to have potent bioactivity and potency, with an EC50 value of 0.3 nM for the 5-HT1B receptor.
Biological Effects
Anpirtoline hydrochloride has been shown to have various biological effects on cell function and signal transduction. The compound has been shown to modulate the release of various neurotransmitters, including serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine, which are involved in the regulation of mood, pain perception, and other physiological processes. Anpirtoline hydrochloride has also been studied for its potential therapeutic and toxic effects. The compound has been shown to have potential therapeutic effects in the treatment of various neurological disorders, including migraine, depression, and anxiety. However, the compound has also been shown to have potential toxic effects, including cardiovascular and gastrointestinal side effects.
Applications
Anpirtoline hydrochloride has various applications in medical research, environmental research, and industrial research. In medical research, the compound has been studied for its role in drug development, clinical trials, and findings, and potential benefits and side effects. In environmental research, anpirtoline hydrochloride has been studied for its effects on ecosystems, its role in pollution management, and its sustainability and environmental impact. In industrial research, the compound has been used in manufacturing processes to improve product quality and efficiency, with health and safety considerations taken into account.
Future Perspectives and Challenges
Despite the potential therapeutic and industrial applications of anpirtoline hydrochloride, there are still limitations in its use and study. Possible solutions and improvements include the development of more efficient and sustainable synthesis methods, the identification of new biological targets, and the optimization of dosage and administration methods. Future trends and prospects in the application of anpirtoline hydrochloride in scientific research include the development of new drugs and therapies for various neurological disorders, as well as the continued exploration of its potential industrial applications.
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