Adrenochrome
Catalog Number: BT-258290
CAS Number: 54-06-8
Molecular Formula: C9H9NO3
Molecular Weight: 179.17 g/mol
The product is for non-human research only. Not for therapeutic or veterinary use.
Product Introduction
Description
Adrenochrome is a chemical compound that has been the subject of much controversy and speculation in recent years. It is a derivative of adrenaline, a hormone produced by the adrenal glands in response to stress. Adrenochrome has been implicated in a variety of medical and environmental issues, and its potential therapeutic and toxic effects have been the subject of much debate. In this paper, we will provide a comprehensive review of adrenochrome, including its method of synthesis or extraction, chemical structure and biological activity, biological effects, applications, and future perspectives and challenges.
Properties
CAS Number
54-06-8
Product Name
Adrenochrome
IUPAC Name
3-hydroxy-1-methyl-2,3-dihydroindole-5,6-dione
Molecular Formula
C9H9NO3
Molecular Weight
179.17 g/mol
InChI
InChI=1S/C9H9NO3/c1-10-4-9(13)5-2-7(11)8(12)3-6(5)10/h2-3,9,13H,4H2,1H3
InChI Key
RPHLQSHHTJORHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N
SMILES
CN1CC(C2=CC(=O)C(=O)C=C21)O
Solubility
Soluble in DMSO
Synonyms
Adraxone; Adrenochrome;
Canonical SMILES
CN1CC(C2=CC(=O)C(=O)C=C21)O
Method of Synthesis or Extraction
Adrenochrome can be synthesized from adrenaline using a variety of methods, including oxidation with silver oxide or potassium permanganate, and enzymatic oxidation with monoamine oxidase. Extraction from human or animal tissue is also possible, although this method is less commonly used due to ethical and safety concerns. The efficiency and yield of each method vary, with enzymatic oxidation generally producing the highest yield. Environmental and safety considerations are also important, as some methods involve the use of toxic chemicals or produce hazardous waste.
Chemical Structure and Biological Activity
Adrenochrome is a red-colored compound with the chemical formula C9H9NO3. It is a derivative of adrenaline, with the addition of a ketone group at the carbon atom adjacent to the amine group. Adrenochrome has been shown to have a variety of biological activities, including the ability to inhibit the activity of certain enzymes and receptors, and to induce oxidative stress in cells. It has also been shown to have psychoactive effects, although the mechanism of action is not well understood.
Biological Effects
Adrenochrome has been shown to have a variety of effects on cell function and signal transduction. It has been implicated in the regulation of blood pressure, the immune response, and the stress response. It has also been shown to have potential therapeutic and toxic effects, depending on the dose and duration of exposure. In high doses, adrenochrome can cause hallucinations, delirium, and other psychiatric symptoms. However, it has also been suggested that adrenochrome may have therapeutic potential in the treatment of certain medical conditions, such as Parkinson's disease and schizophrenia.
Applications
Adrenochrome has been studied extensively in medical research, particularly in the context of drug development and clinical trials. It has been shown to have potential as a treatment for a variety of medical conditions, including Parkinson's disease, schizophrenia, and cancer. However, its use in clinical settings is limited due to safety concerns and the lack of well-controlled studies. In environmental research, adrenochrome has been implicated in the effects on ecosystems and pollution management. It has also been studied in industrial research, particularly in the context of improving product quality and efficiency.
Future Perspectives and Challenges
Despite the potential therapeutic and industrial applications of adrenochrome, there are still many challenges to be addressed. Current limitations in the use and study of adrenochrome include safety concerns, ethical considerations, and the lack of well-controlled studies. Possible solutions and improvements include the development of safer and more efficient methods of synthesis or extraction, the use of animal-free alternatives, and the conduct of well-controlled clinical trials. Future trends and prospects in the application of adrenochrome in scientific research will depend on the resolution of these challenges.
Conclusion:
In conclusion, adrenochrome is a complex and controversial compound with a variety of potential applications in medical, environmental, and industrial research. Its method of synthesis or extraction, chemical structure and biological activity, biological effects, applications, and future perspectives and challenges have been reviewed in this paper. While there is still much to be learned about adrenochrome, its potential therapeutic and industrial applications make it an important area of study for researchers in a variety of fields.
Conclusion:
In conclusion, adrenochrome is a complex and controversial compound with a variety of potential applications in medical, environmental, and industrial research. Its method of synthesis or extraction, chemical structure and biological activity, biological effects, applications, and future perspectives and challenges have been reviewed in this paper. While there is still much to be learned about adrenochrome, its potential therapeutic and industrial applications make it an important area of study for researchers in a variety of fields.
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