Amaranth
Catalog Number: BT-258860
CAS Number: 915-67-3
Molecular Formula: C20H11N2Na3O10S3
Molecular Weight: 604.5 g/mol
The product is for non-human research only. Not for therapeutic or veterinary use.
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Product Introduction
Description
Amaranth is a plant that has been used for centuries as a food source and for medicinal purposes. It belongs to the family Amaranthaceae and is known for its high nutritional value. In recent years, amaranth has gained attention for its potential therapeutic and industrial applications. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive review of amaranth, including its method of synthesis or extraction, chemical structure and biological activity, biological effects, applications, and future perspectives and challenges.
Properties
CAS Number
915-67-3
Product Name
Amaranth
IUPAC Name
trisodium;3-hydroxy-4-[(4-sulfonatonaphthalen-1-yl)diazenyl]naphthalene-2,7-disulfonate
Molecular Formula
C20H11N2Na3O10S3
Molecular Weight
604.5 g/mol
InChI
InChI=1S/C20H14N2O10S3.3Na/c23-20-18(35(30,31)32)10-11-9-12(33(24,25)26)5-6-13(11)19(20)22-21-16-7-8-17(34(27,28)29)15-4-2-1-3-14(15)16;;;/h1-10,23H,(H,24,25,26)(H,27,28,29)(H,30,31,32);;;/q;3*+1/p-3
InChI Key
WLDHEUZGFKACJH-ZRUFZDNISA-K
SMILES
C1=CC=C2C(=C1)C(=CC=C2S(=O)(=O)[O-])N=NC3=C4C=CC(=CC4=CC(=C3O)S(=O)(=O)[O-])S(=O)(=O)[O-].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+]
Solubility
10 to 50 mg/mL at 73° F (NTP, 1992)
1 g soluble in 15 mL water; also reported as 7.2 g/100 mL water at 26 °C
In methyl Cellosolve (monomethyl ether of ethylene glycol) = 10 mg/mL, in ethanol = 0.7 mg/mL
Soluble in glycerol, propylene glycol; insoluble in most organic solvents.
In water, 6.0X10+4 mg/L at 25 °C
1 g soluble in 15 mL water; also reported as 7.2 g/100 mL water at 26 °C
In methyl Cellosolve (monomethyl ether of ethylene glycol) = 10 mg/mL, in ethanol = 0.7 mg/mL
Soluble in glycerol, propylene glycol; insoluble in most organic solvents.
In water, 6.0X10+4 mg/L at 25 °C
Synonyms
Acid Red 27
Amaranth Dye
AR27 Compound
Azorubin S
C.I. Acid Red 27
C.I. Food Red 9
Compound, AR27
FD and C Red No. 2
Red Dye No. 2
Amaranth Dye
AR27 Compound
Azorubin S
C.I. Acid Red 27
C.I. Food Red 9
Compound, AR27
FD and C Red No. 2
Red Dye No. 2
Canonical SMILES
C1=CC=C2C(=C1)C(=CC=C2S(=O)(=O)[O-])N=NC3=C4C=CC(=CC4=CC(=C3O)S(=O)(=O)[O-])S(=O)(=O)[O-].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+]
Method of Synthesis or Extraction
Amaranth can be synthesized or extracted using various methods. The most common methods include solvent extraction, supercritical fluid extraction, and microwave-assisted extraction. Solvent extraction involves the use of solvents such as ethanol, methanol, and water to extract the bioactive compounds from the plant. Supercritical fluid extraction uses supercritical carbon dioxide as a solvent to extract the compounds. Microwave-assisted extraction uses microwave energy to extract the compounds. The efficiency and yield of each method vary depending on the type of amaranth and the extraction conditions. Environmental and safety considerations should also be taken into account when choosing a method.
Chemical Structure and Biological Activity
Amaranth contains various bioactive compounds, including squalene, betacyanins, and flavonoids. The chemical structure of these compounds contributes to their biological activity. Squalene has been shown to have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Betacyanins have been shown to have anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory properties. Flavonoids have been shown to have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer properties. The mechanism of action and biological targets of these compounds are still being studied, but their bioactivity and potency make them promising candidates for therapeutic applications.
Biological Effects
Amaranth has been shown to have various biological effects on cell function and signal transduction. It has been shown to have anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-cancer effects. It has also been shown to have potential therapeutic and toxic effects. The potential therapeutic effects include the treatment of diabetes, hypertension, and cancer. The potential toxic effects include hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity. Further studies are needed to fully understand the biological effects of amaranth.
Applications
Amaranth has potential applications in medical research, environmental research, and industrial research. In medical research, it has been studied for its role in drug development, clinical trials, and findings. It has been shown to have benefits for diabetes, hypertension, and cancer. However, potential side effects should also be considered. In environmental research, amaranth has been studied for its effects on ecosystems, its role in pollution management, and its sustainability and environmental impact. In industrial research, it has been used in manufacturing processes to improve product quality and efficiency. Health and safety considerations should also be taken into account when using amaranth in industrial applications.
Future Perspectives and Challenges
Despite the potential applications of amaranth, there are still limitations in its use and study. These include the lack of standardization in extraction methods and the need for further studies to fully understand its biological effects. Possible solutions and improvements include the development of standardized extraction methods and the use of advanced technologies to study its biological effects. Future trends and prospects in the application of amaranth in scientific research include its potential use in personalized medicine and its role in the development of novel therapeutics.
Conclusion:
Amaranth is a promising plant with potential applications in various fields, including medical research, environmental research, and industrial research. Its bioactive compounds have been shown to have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer properties. However, further studies are needed to fully understand its biological effects and potential side effects. Standardization of extraction methods and the use of advanced technologies can help overcome current limitations and pave the way for future applications of amaranth in scientific research.
Conclusion:
Amaranth is a promising plant with potential applications in various fields, including medical research, environmental research, and industrial research. Its bioactive compounds have been shown to have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer properties. However, further studies are needed to fully understand its biological effects and potential side effects. Standardization of extraction methods and the use of advanced technologies can help overcome current limitations and pave the way for future applications of amaranth in scientific research.
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