Buy Congo red (BT-264283)

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Congo red

Catalog Number: BT-264283

CAS Number: 573-58-0

Molecular Formula: C32H22N6Na2O6S2

Molecular Weight: 696.7 g/mol

The product is for non-human research only. Not for therapeutic or veterinary use.

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Product Introduction

Description

Congo red is a synthetic azo dye that has been widely used in various fields, including medical, environmental, and industrial research. It was first synthesized in 1884 by Paul Böttiger and was initially used as a textile dye. However, its unique properties, such as its ability to bind to amyloid fibrils, have led to its use in medical research, particularly in the study of Alzheimer's disease. This paper aims to provide an overview of Congo red, including its synthesis, chemical structure, biological activity, applications, and future perspectives.

Properties

CAS Number

573-58-0

Product Name

Congo red

IUPAC Name

sodium;4-amino-3-[[4-[4-[(1-amino-4-sulfonaphthalen-2-yl)diazenyl]phenyl]phenyl]diazenyl]naphthalene-1-sulfonic acid

Molecular Formula

C32H22N6Na2O6S2

Molecular Weight

696.7 g/mol

InChI

InChI=1S/C32H24N6O6S2.Na/c33-31-25-7-3-1-5-23(25)29(45(39,40)41)17-27(31)37-35-21-13-9-19(10-14-21)20-11-15-22(16-12-20)36-38-28-18-30(46(42,43)44)24-6-2-4-8-26(24)32(28)34;/h1-18H,33-34H2,(H,39,40,41)(H,42,43,44);/q;+1

InChI Key

IQFVPQOLBLOTPF-HKXUKFGYSA-L

SMILES

C1=CC=C2C(=C1)C(=CC(=C2N)N=NC3=CC=C(C=C3)C4=CC=C(C=C4)N=NC5=C(C6=CC=CC=C6C(=C5)S(=O)(=O)O)N)S(=O)(=O)O.[Na+]

Solubility

Sol in ethanol; very slightly sol in acetone; practically insol in ether
1 G SOL IN ABOUT 30 ML WATER
10 mg/ml in 2-methoxyethanol; 1.0 mg/ml in ethanol
In water= 1.16X10+5 mg/l at 25 °C

Synonyms

Congo Red
Red, Congo

Canonical SMILES

C1=CC=C2C(=C1)C(=CC(=C2N)N=NC3=CC=C(C=C3)C4=CC=C(C=C4)N=NC5=C(C6=CC=CC=C6C(=C5)S(=O)(=O)[O-])N)S(=O)(=O)[O-].[Na+].[Na+]

Method of Synthesis or Extraction

Congo red can be synthesized using various methods, including diazotization, coupling, and sulfonation. The most commonly used method involves the diazotization of benzidine followed by coupling with naphthionic acid. The efficiency and yield of this method depend on several factors, such as the purity of the starting materials, reaction conditions, and the skill of the chemist. The yield of Congo red synthesis is typically around 50-60%. However, the process can be optimized to increase the yield. Environmental and safety considerations should also be taken into account during the synthesis process, as some of the starting materials and by-products can be toxic and harmful to the environment.

Chemical Structure and Biological Activity

Congo red has a complex chemical structure, consisting of two azo groups and two sulfonic acid groups. Its molecular formula is C32H22N6Na2O6S2, and its molecular weight is 696.68 g/mol. Congo red has a unique property of binding to amyloid fibrils, which are protein aggregates that are associated with various neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease. The mechanism of action of Congo red involves the binding of the dye to the beta-sheet structure of amyloid fibrils, which results in the stabilization of the fibrils and inhibition of their growth. Congo red has also been shown to have antibacterial and antifungal properties.

Biological Effects

Congo red has been extensively studied for its effects on cell function and signal transduction. It has been shown to inhibit the growth of cancer cells and induce apoptosis, or programmed cell death. However, Congo red can also have potential toxic effects, particularly at high concentrations. It has been shown to induce oxidative stress and DNA damage in cells. In terms of therapeutic effects, Congo red has been used in clinical trials for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease, with promising results. However, more research is needed to determine its efficacy and safety in humans.

Applications

Congo red has various applications in medical, environmental, and industrial research. In medical research, it has been used as a diagnostic tool for the detection of amyloid fibrils in tissues and as a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. In environmental research, Congo red has been used to study the effects of pollutants on ecosystems and to develop methods for pollution management. In industrial research, Congo red has been used in manufacturing processes to improve product quality and efficiency. However, health and safety considerations should be taken into account when using Congo red in industrial settings.

Future Perspectives and Challenges

Despite its potential applications, there are still limitations in the use and study of Congo red. One of the main challenges is the lack of understanding of its mechanism of action and its potential side effects. More research is needed to determine its efficacy and safety in humans. Another challenge is the development of more efficient and sustainable methods for the synthesis of Congo red. Possible solutions include the use of renewable starting materials and the optimization of reaction conditions. In terms of future trends and prospects, Congo red is expected to continue to play a significant role in scientific research, particularly in the study of neurodegenerative diseases and environmental pollution.
Conclusion
Congo red is a synthetic azo dye that has unique properties, including its ability to bind to amyloid fibrils. It has various applications in medical, environmental, and industrial research. However, more research is needed to determine its efficacy and safety in humans, and more efficient and sustainable methods for its synthesis should be developed. Despite these challenges, Congo red is expected to continue to play a significant role in scientific research in the future.

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