Digallic acid
Catalog Number: BT-264680
CAS Number: 536-08-3
Molecular Formula: C14H10O9
Molecular Weight: 322.22 g/mol
The product is for non-human research only. Not for therapeutic or veterinary use.
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Product Introduction
Description
Digallic acid is a polyphenolic compound that is widely distributed in nature. It is found in various plants, including tea, grapes, and oak bark. Digallic acid has been studied extensively for its potential therapeutic and industrial applications.
Properties
CAS Number
536-08-3
Product Name
Digallic acid
IUPAC Name
3,4-dihydroxy-5-(3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoyl)oxybenzoic acid
Molecular Formula
C14H10O9
Molecular Weight
322.22 g/mol
InChI
InChI=1S/C14H10O9/c15-7-2-6(3-8(16)11(7)18)14(22)23-10-4-5(13(20)21)1-9(17)12(10)19/h1-4,15-19H,(H,20,21)
InChI Key
COVFEVWNJUOYRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N
SMILES
C1=C(C=C(C(=C1O)O)O)C(=O)OC2=CC(=CC(=C2O)O)C(=O)O
Solubility
Soluble in DMSO
Synonyms
digallic acid
gallic acid 5,6-dihydroxy-3-carboxyphenyl este
gallic acid 5,6-dihydroxy-3-carboxyphenyl este
Canonical SMILES
C1=C(C=C(C(=C1O)O)O)C(=O)OC2=CC(=CC(=C2O)O)C(=O)O
Method of Synthesis or Extraction
Digallic acid can be synthesized by the reaction of gallic acid with a strong acid catalyst. The yield of this method is relatively low, and the reaction requires high temperatures and pressures. Another method of synthesis involves the reaction of tannic acid with a strong acid catalyst. This method yields a higher amount of digallic acid, but it also requires high temperatures and pressures.
Digallic acid can also be extracted from natural sources, such as tea leaves and oak bark. The extraction process involves the use of solvents, such as ethanol or water. The efficiency of the extraction process depends on the type of solvent used and the extraction conditions. The yield of digallic acid from natural sources is relatively low, and the extraction process can be time-consuming.
Environmental and safety considerations should be taken into account when synthesizing or extracting digallic acid. The use of strong acid catalysts and high temperatures and pressures can result in environmental pollution and safety hazards. The use of solvents in the extraction process can also result in environmental pollution. Therefore, it is important to use environmentally friendly and safe methods for the synthesis or extraction of digallic acid.
Digallic acid can also be extracted from natural sources, such as tea leaves and oak bark. The extraction process involves the use of solvents, such as ethanol or water. The efficiency of the extraction process depends on the type of solvent used and the extraction conditions. The yield of digallic acid from natural sources is relatively low, and the extraction process can be time-consuming.
Environmental and safety considerations should be taken into account when synthesizing or extracting digallic acid. The use of strong acid catalysts and high temperatures and pressures can result in environmental pollution and safety hazards. The use of solvents in the extraction process can also result in environmental pollution. Therefore, it is important to use environmentally friendly and safe methods for the synthesis or extraction of digallic acid.
Chemical Structure and Biological Activity
Digallic acid is a polyphenolic compound that consists of two gallic acid molecules linked by an ester bond. The chemical formula of digallic acid is C14H10O9. Digallic acid has been shown to exhibit various biological activities, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer activities.
The mechanism of action of digallic acid involves the inhibition of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the modulation of various signaling pathways. Digallic acid has been shown to inhibit the production of ROS, which can cause oxidative stress and damage to cells. Digallic acid also modulates various signaling pathways, such as the NF-κB and MAPK pathways, which are involved in inflammation and cancer.
The mechanism of action of digallic acid involves the inhibition of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the modulation of various signaling pathways. Digallic acid has been shown to inhibit the production of ROS, which can cause oxidative stress and damage to cells. Digallic acid also modulates various signaling pathways, such as the NF-κB and MAPK pathways, which are involved in inflammation and cancer.
Biological Effects
Digallic acid has been shown to have various biological effects on cell function and signal transduction. Digallic acid has been shown to inhibit the proliferation of cancer cells and induce apoptosis, which is programmed cell death. Digallic acid has also been shown to inhibit the migration and invasion of cancer cells, which are important processes in cancer metastasis.
Digallic acid has also been shown to have potential therapeutic and toxic effects. Digallic acid has been shown to have potential therapeutic effects in the treatment of cancer, inflammation, and oxidative stress. However, digallic acid can also have toxic effects at high doses, such as liver toxicity.
Digallic acid has also been shown to have potential therapeutic and toxic effects. Digallic acid has been shown to have potential therapeutic effects in the treatment of cancer, inflammation, and oxidative stress. However, digallic acid can also have toxic effects at high doses, such as liver toxicity.
Applications
Digallic acid has various applications in medical research, environmental research, and industrial research. In medical research, digallic acid has been studied for its potential role in drug development. Digallic acid has been shown to have potential therapeutic effects in the treatment of cancer, inflammation, and oxidative stress. Clinical trials have also been conducted to evaluate the safety and efficacy of digallic acid in humans.
In environmental research, digallic acid has been studied for its effects on ecosystems and its role in pollution management. Digallic acid has been shown to have potential applications in the treatment of wastewater and the removal of heavy metals from contaminated soil.
In industrial research, digallic acid has been studied for its use in manufacturing processes and its potential to improve product quality and efficiency. Digallic acid has been shown to have potential applications in the food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries.
In environmental research, digallic acid has been studied for its effects on ecosystems and its role in pollution management. Digallic acid has been shown to have potential applications in the treatment of wastewater and the removal of heavy metals from contaminated soil.
In industrial research, digallic acid has been studied for its use in manufacturing processes and its potential to improve product quality and efficiency. Digallic acid has been shown to have potential applications in the food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries.
Future Perspectives and Challenges
The use and study of digallic acid are currently limited by various factors, such as low yield, toxicity, and limited knowledge of its biological effects. Possible solutions and improvements include the development of more efficient and environmentally friendly methods of synthesis or extraction, the evaluation of the safety and efficacy of digallic acid in humans, and the identification of new biological targets and mechanisms of action.
Future trends and prospects in the application of digallic acid in scientific research include the development of new drugs and therapies for cancer, inflammation, and oxidative stress, the use of digallic acid in the treatment of wastewater and the removal of heavy metals from contaminated soil, and the use of digallic acid in the food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries.
Conclusion:
Digallic acid is a polyphenolic compound that has been studied extensively for its potential therapeutic and industrial applications. The methods of synthesis or extraction, chemical structure, biological activity, biological effects, applications, future perspectives, and challenges of digallic acid have been discussed in this paper. Further research is needed to fully understand the potential of digallic acid in various fields of scientific research.
Future trends and prospects in the application of digallic acid in scientific research include the development of new drugs and therapies for cancer, inflammation, and oxidative stress, the use of digallic acid in the treatment of wastewater and the removal of heavy metals from contaminated soil, and the use of digallic acid in the food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries.
Conclusion:
Digallic acid is a polyphenolic compound that has been studied extensively for its potential therapeutic and industrial applications. The methods of synthesis or extraction, chemical structure, biological activity, biological effects, applications, future perspectives, and challenges of digallic acid have been discussed in this paper. Further research is needed to fully understand the potential of digallic acid in various fields of scientific research.
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