Solvent green 3
Catalog Number: BT-265204
CAS Number: 128-80-3
Molecular Formula: C28H22N2O2
Molecular Weight: 418.5 g/mol
The product is for non-human research only. Not for therapeutic or veterinary use.
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Product Introduction
Description
Solvent Green 3 (SG3) is a synthetic dye that belongs to the triarylmethane family. It is commonly used in the textile, paper, and leather industries as a colorant. SG3 is also used as a biological stain and a marker in medical and biological research. However, concerns have been raised about its potential toxicity and environmental impact. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive review of SG3, including its synthesis, chemical structure, biological activity, effects on cell function and signal transduction, applications in medical, environmental, and industrial research, and future perspectives and challenges.
Properties
CAS Number
128-80-3
Product Name
Solvent green 3
IUPAC Name
1,4-bis(4-methylanilino)anthracene-9,10-dione
Molecular Formula
C28H22N2O2
Molecular Weight
418.5 g/mol
InChI
InChI=1S/C28H22N2O2/c1-17-7-11-19(12-8-17)29-23-15-16-24(30-20-13-9-18(2)10-14-20)26-25(23)27(31)21-5-3-4-6-22(21)28(26)32/h3-16,29-30H,1-2H3
InChI Key
TVRGPOFMYCMNRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N
SMILES
CC1=CC=C(C=C1)NC2=C3C(=C(C=C2)NC4=CC=C(C=C4)C)C(=O)C5=CC=CC=C5C3=O
Solubility
In 2-methoxymethanol, 2 mg/mL; in ethanol 0.3 mg/mL
Soluble in 3.4 g/100 mL alcohol at 25 °C. Soluble in hydrochloric and sulfuric acid. Sparingly soluble in methanol, ethyl ether.
Slightly soluble in acetone, ethyl acetate, mineral oil, oleic acid, stearic acid. Soluble in benzene, toluene.
In water, 7.71X10-6 mg/L at 25 °C (est)
Soluble in 3.4 g/100 mL alcohol at 25 °C. Soluble in hydrochloric and sulfuric acid. Sparingly soluble in methanol, ethyl ether.
Slightly soluble in acetone, ethyl acetate, mineral oil, oleic acid, stearic acid. Soluble in benzene, toluene.
In water, 7.71X10-6 mg/L at 25 °C (est)
Synonyms
1,4-di-4-toluidinoanthraquinone
cyanine green G base
D and C Green #6
D.C. Green No. 6
solvent green 3
cyanine green G base
D and C Green #6
D.C. Green No. 6
solvent green 3
Canonical SMILES
CC1=CC=C(C=C1)NC2=C3C(=C(C=C2)NC4=CC=C(C=C4)C)C(=O)C5=CC=CC=C5C3=O
Method of Synthesis or Extraction
Solvent green 3 can be synthesized by several methods, including the condensation of 3-methylbenzaldehyde with dimethyl aniline in the presence of sulfuric acid, the reaction of 3-methylbenzaldehyde with N,N-dimethylaniline in the presence of zinc chloride, and the reaction of 3-methylbenzaldehyde with N,N-dimethylaniline in the presence of aluminum chloride. The efficiency and yield of each method vary depending on the reaction conditions and the purity of the starting materials. However, all methods involve the use of toxic and hazardous chemicals, such as sulfuric acid, zinc chloride, and aluminum chloride, which pose environmental and safety risks.
Chemical Structure and Biological Activity
Solvent green 3 has a complex chemical structure consisting of three aromatic rings connected by a central carbon atom. It has a molecular weight of 482.6 g/mol and a green color. Solvent green 3 has been shown to have biological activity, particularly as a DNA intercalator and a photosensitizer. It can bind to DNA and cause damage to the DNA structure, leading to cell death. Solvent green 3 has also been shown to have antimicrobial and antitumor properties, although its potency varies depending on the cell type and the experimental conditions.
Biological Effects
Solvent green 3 can affect cell function and signal transduction by binding to DNA and interfering with DNA replication and transcription. It can also induce oxidative stress and activate apoptotic pathways, leading to cell death. Solvent green 3 has been shown to have potential therapeutic effects in the treatment of cancer and infectious diseases, although its toxicity and side effects need to be carefully evaluated. Solvent green 3 can also have toxic effects on non-target organisms, such as aquatic organisms and soil microorganisms, and can accumulate in the environment, posing a risk to human health and ecosystem sustainability.
Applications
Solvent green 3 has various applications in medical, environmental, and industrial research. In medical research, Solvent green 3 is used as a biological stain and a marker for DNA and RNA. It is also used in drug development and clinical trials as a photosensitizer for photodynamic therapy and as an antimicrobial agent. However, its potential toxicity and side effects need to be carefully evaluated before its clinical use. In environmental research, Solvent green 3 is used as a marker for pollution and as a tool for studying the effects of pollutants on ecosystems. It is also used in pollution management and remediation, although its environmental impact needs to be carefully evaluated. In industrial research, Solvent green 3 is used as a colorant and a dye for textiles, paper, and leather. It is also used in manufacturing processes to improve product quality and efficiency. However, its health and safety considerations need to be carefully evaluated to minimize the risk of exposure to workers and consumers.
Future Perspectives and Challenges
The use and study of Solvent green 3 face several limitations and challenges, including its potential toxicity and environmental impact, the need for alternative and safer dyes and colorants, and the need for more research on its biological activity and mechanisms of action. Possible solutions and improvements include the development of safer and more sustainable dyes and colorants, the use of alternative and non-toxic methods for dye synthesis and extraction, and the integration of Solvent green 3 into a circular economy model that promotes resource efficiency and waste reduction. Future trends and prospects in the application of Solvent green 3 in scientific research include the development of new therapeutic and diagnostic applications, the use of Solvent green 3 as a tool for studying DNA and RNA structure and function, and the integration of Solvent green 3 into nanotechnology and biotechnology applications.
Conclusion
Solvent green 3 is a synthetic dye with various applications in medical, environmental, and industrial research. However, its potential toxicity and environmental impact need to be carefully evaluated, and alternative and safer dyes and colorants need to be developed. The use and study of Solvent green 3 face several limitations and challenges, but also offer opportunities for innovation and sustainability. Further research is needed to fully understand the biological activity and mechanisms of action of Solvent green 3 and to develop new applications and solutions that promote human health and ecosystem sustainability.
Conclusion
Solvent green 3 is a synthetic dye with various applications in medical, environmental, and industrial research. However, its potential toxicity and environmental impact need to be carefully evaluated, and alternative and safer dyes and colorants need to be developed. The use and study of Solvent green 3 face several limitations and challenges, but also offer opportunities for innovation and sustainability. Further research is needed to fully understand the biological activity and mechanisms of action of Solvent green 3 and to develop new applications and solutions that promote human health and ecosystem sustainability.
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