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Uranine

Catalog Number: BT-268333

CAS Number: 518-47-8

Molecular Formula: C20H10Na2O5

Molecular Weight: 376.3 g/mol

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Product Introduction

Description

Uranine, also known as fluorescein sodium, is a synthetic organic compound that belongs to the family of xanthene dyes. It is a water-soluble, fluorescent dye that emits a bright green color when exposed to ultraviolet light. Uranine has a wide range of applications in various fields, including medical research, environmental research, and industrial research.

Properties

CAS Number

518-47-8

Product Name

Uranine

IUPAC Name

disodium;2-(3-oxido-6-oxoxanthen-9-yl)benzoate

Molecular Formula

C20H10Na2O5

Molecular Weight

376.3 g/mol

InChI

InChI=1S/C20H12O5.2Na/c21-11-5-7-15-17(9-11)25-18-10-12(22)6-8-16(18)19(15)13-3-1-2-4-14(13)20(23)24;;/h1-10,21H,(H,23,24);;/q;2*+1/p-2

InChI Key

NJDNXYGOVLYJHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L

SMILES

C1=CC=C(C(=C1)C2=C3C=CC(=O)C=C3OC4=C2C=CC(=C4)[O-])C(=O)[O-].[Na+].[Na+]

Solubility

greater than or equal to 100 mg/mL at 68° F (NTP, 1992)

Synonyms

C.I. 45350
Colircusi Fluoresceina
D and C Yellow No. 7
D and C Yellow No. 8
Diofluor
Dipotassium Salt, Fluorescein
Disodium Fluorescein
Disodium Salt, Fluorescein
Fluor I Strip A.T.
Fluor-I-Strip A.T.
Fluorescéine sodique Faure
Fluorescein
Fluorescein Dipotassium Salt
Fluorescein Disodium Salt
Fluorescein Monosodium Salt
Fluorescein Sodium
Fluorescein Sodium, Minims
Fluorescein, Disodium
Fluorescein, Sodium
Fluoresceina, Colircusi
Fluoresceine, Minims
Fluorescite
Fluorets
Ful Glo
Ful-Glo
Funduscein
Minims Fluorescein Sodium
Minims Fluoresceine
Minims Stains
Monosodium Salt, Fluorescein
Optifluor Diba
Sodium Fluorescein
Sodium, Fluorescein
Uranine

Canonical SMILES

C1=CC=C(C(=C1)C2=C3C=CC(=O)C=C3OC4=C2C=CC(=C4)[O-])C(=O)[O-].[Na+].[Na+]

Method of Synthesis or Extraction

Uranine can be synthesized by several methods, including the reaction of phthalic anhydride with resorcinol in the presence of sulfuric acid, the reaction of phthalic anhydride with phenol in the presence of zinc chloride, and the reaction of phthalic anhydride with resorcinol in the presence of aluminum chloride. The efficiency and yield of each method vary depending on the reaction conditions and the purity of the starting materials. The environmental and safety considerations of Uranine synthesis are also important, as some of the starting materials and reaction products can be hazardous to human health and the environment.

Chemical Structure and Biological Activity

The chemical structure of Uranine consists of a xanthene ring system with two carboxylic acid groups and a sodium ion attached to the molecule. Uranine is a highly fluorescent dye that emits green light when excited by ultraviolet light. The mechanism of action of Uranine involves the binding of the dye to proteins and other biomolecules, which results in a change in the fluorescence intensity. Uranine has been shown to have a high affinity for albumin, a protein found in blood plasma, and can be used as a diagnostic tool for detecting proteinuria, a condition characterized by the presence of excess protein in the urine.

Biological Effects

Uranine has been shown to have a variety of biological effects on cell function and signal transduction. It has been reported to inhibit the activity of the Na+/K+ ATPase pump, which is responsible for maintaining the ionic balance of cells. Uranine has also been shown to activate the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway, which is involved in cell proliferation and differentiation. The potential therapeutic and toxic effects of Uranine are still under investigation, and more research is needed to fully understand its biological effects.

Applications

Uranine has a wide range of applications in various fields, including medical research, environmental research, and industrial research. In medical research, Uranine is used as a diagnostic tool for detecting proteinuria and as a tracer for studying blood flow and lymphatic drainage. Uranine has also been used in clinical trials for evaluating the efficacy of drugs and therapies. In environmental research, Uranine is used to study the effects of pollutants on ecosystems and to monitor water and air quality. In industrial research, Uranine is used in manufacturing processes to improve product quality and efficiency. Health and safety considerations are important in all applications of Uranine, as the dye can be toxic if ingested or inhaled.

Future Perspectives and Challenges

The current limitations in the use and study of Uranine include its toxicity and limited solubility in organic solvents. Possible solutions and improvements include the development of new synthesis methods that are more efficient and environmentally friendly, and the modification of the chemical structure of Uranine to improve its solubility and reduce its toxicity. Future trends and prospects in the application of Uranine in scientific research include the development of new diagnostic tools and therapies for various diseases, and the use of Uranine as a tool for studying biological processes and environmental systems.
Conclusion:
Uranine is a versatile and widely used fluorescent dye that has a variety of applications in medical research, environmental research, and industrial research. The method of synthesis or extraction, chemical structure and biological activity, biological effects, applications, future perspectives, and challenges of Uranine have been discussed in this paper. Further research is needed to fully understand the potential therapeutic and toxic effects of Uranine, and to develop new synthesis methods and applications for this important dye.

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