Ferroquine
Catalog Number: BT-268513
CAS Number: 185055-67-8
Molecular Formula: C23H24ClFeN3
Molecular Weight: 433.76
The product is for non-human research only. Not for therapeutic or veterinary use.
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Product Introduction
Description
Ferroquine is a synthetic antimalarial drug that was developed as a potential replacement for chloroquine, which has become less effective due to the emergence of drug-resistant strains of malaria. Ferroquine is a hybrid molecule that combines the antimalarial activity of chloroquine with the iron-chelating properties of ferrocene. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive review of ferroquine, including its method of synthesis or extraction, chemical structure and biological activity, biological effects, applications, and future perspectives and challenges.
Properties
CAS Number
185055-67-8
Product Name
Ferroquine
IUPAC Name
7-chloro-N-[[2-[(dimethylamino)methyl]cyclopenta-2,4-dien-1-yl]methyl]quinolin-4-amine;cyclopenta-1,3-diene;iron(2+)
Molecular Formula
C23H24ClFeN3
Molecular Weight
433.76
InChI
InChI=1S/C18H19ClN3.C5H5.Fe/c1-22(2)12-14-5-3-4-13(14)11-21-17-8-9-20-18-10-15(19)6-7-16(17)18;1-2-4-5-3-1;/h3-10H,11-12H2,1-2H3,(H,20,21);1-5H;/q2*-1;+2
InChI Key
DLYPREQTTOHKSM-UHFFFAOYSA-N
SMILES
CN(C)CC1=CC=C[C-]1CNC2=C3C=CC(=CC3=NC=C2)Cl.[CH-]1C=CC=C1.[Fe+2]
Solubility
Soluble in DMSO
Synonyms
SR-97193; SSR-97193; SR97193; SSR97193; SR 97193; SSR 97193
Method of Synthesis or Extraction
Ferroquine can be synthesized using several methods, including the reaction of chloroquine with ferrocenecarboxaldehyde, the reaction of chloroquine with ferrocenecarboxylic acid, and the reaction of ferrocenecarboxaldehyde with 4,7-dichloroquinoline. The efficiency and yield of each method vary depending on the reaction conditions and the purity of the starting materials. Environmental and safety considerations should also be taken into account during the synthesis process, as some of the reagents used can be hazardous to human health and the environment.
Chemical Structure and Biological Activity
Ferroquine has a unique chemical structure that consists of a chloroquine-like moiety linked to a ferrocene unit. The ferrocene unit acts as an iron-chelating agent, which enhances the antimalarial activity of the drug by disrupting the iron-dependent metabolic pathways of the malaria parasite. Ferroquine has been shown to be effective against both chloroquine-sensitive and chloroquine-resistant strains of malaria, with a potency that is comparable to or greater than that of chloroquine.
Biological Effects
Ferroquine has been found to have a range of biological effects on cell function and signal transduction. It has been shown to inhibit the heme detoxification pathway of the malaria parasite, leading to the accumulation of toxic heme and the death of the parasite. Ferroquine has also been shown to modulate the activity of various enzymes and ion channels in human cells, which may contribute to its therapeutic and toxic effects. Potential therapeutic effects of ferroquine include its use in the treatment of malaria, cancer, and other diseases, while potential toxic effects include its potential to cause liver and kidney damage, as well as neurological and cardiovascular side effects.
Applications
Ferroquine has a range of potential applications in medical research, environmental research, and industrial research. In medical research, ferroquine has been studied as a potential treatment for malaria, with promising results in preclinical and clinical trials. Ferroquine has also been investigated as a potential treatment for cancer, with some studies suggesting that it may have anticancer activity. In environmental research, ferroquine has been studied for its effects on ecosystems and its potential role in pollution management. In industrial research, ferroquine has been used in manufacturing processes to improve product quality and efficiency, with health and safety considerations being taken into account.
Future Perspectives and Challenges
Despite its potential as a therapeutic agent, ferroquine faces several challenges in its use and study. One of the main challenges is the potential for toxicity, which must be carefully monitored and managed in clinical trials and in the use of the drug in the field. Another challenge is the need for further research to fully understand the mechanism of action of ferroquine and its potential applications in various fields. Future trends and prospects in the application of ferroquine in scientific research include the development of new formulations and delivery methods, as well as the investigation of its potential use in combination with other drugs to enhance its efficacy and reduce toxicity.
Conclusion
Ferroquine is a promising antimalarial drug that has the potential to overcome the limitations of chloroquine in the treatment of malaria. Its unique chemical structure and iron-chelating properties make it a promising candidate for the treatment of other diseases as well. However, further research is needed to fully understand its mechanism of action and potential applications, as well as to address the challenges of toxicity and safety.
Conclusion
Ferroquine is a promising antimalarial drug that has the potential to overcome the limitations of chloroquine in the treatment of malaria. Its unique chemical structure and iron-chelating properties make it a promising candidate for the treatment of other diseases as well. However, further research is needed to fully understand its mechanism of action and potential applications, as well as to address the challenges of toxicity and safety.
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