Melamine
Catalog Number: BT-274642
CAS Number: 108-78-1
Molecular Formula: C3H6N6
C3N3(NH2)3
C3H6N6
C3N3(NH2)3
C3H6N6
Molecular Weight: 126.12 g/mol
The product is for non-human research only. Not for therapeutic or veterinary use.
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Product Introduction
Description
Melamine is a nitrogen-rich organic compound with the chemical formula C3H6N6. It is a white crystalline powder that is commonly used in the production of plastics, resins, and adhesives. Melamine has also been used as a food additive, particularly in China, where it has been added to milk and other dairy products to increase their protein content. However, the use of melamine in food has been linked to a number of health problems, including kidney damage and cancer. In this paper, we will explore the synthesis, biological activity, effects, applications, and future perspectives of melamine.
Properties
CAS Number
108-78-1
Product Name
Melamine
IUPAC Name
1,3,5-Triazine-2,4,6-triamine
Molecular Formula
C3H6N6
C3N3(NH2)3
C3H6N6
C3N3(NH2)3
C3H6N6
Molecular Weight
126.12 g/mol
InChI
InChI=1S/C3H6N6/c4-1-7-2(5)9-3(6)8-1/h(H6,4,5,6,7,8,9)
InChI Key
JDSHMPZPIAZGSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N
SMILES
NC1=NC(N)=NC(N)=N1
Solubility
less than 1 mg/mL at 72° F (NTP, 1992)
0.03 M
Very slightly sol in hot alc; insol in ether
Sparingly sol in glycol, glycerol, pyridine; very slightly sol in ethanol; insol in benzene, carbon tetrachloride
In water, 3.23X10+3 mg/L at 20 °C
3.24 mg/mL at 20 °C
Solubility in water: poo
0.03 M
Very slightly sol in hot alc; insol in ether
Sparingly sol in glycol, glycerol, pyridine; very slightly sol in ethanol; insol in benzene, carbon tetrachloride
In water, 3.23X10+3 mg/L at 20 °C
3.24 mg/mL at 20 °C
Solubility in water: poo
Synonyms
1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine
2,4,6-triamino-s-triazine
melamine
melamine bis(oxymethyl)phosphonic acid salt
melamine oxalate (1:1)
melamine phosphate
melamine sulfate (1:1)
melamine sulfate (1:2)
melamine sulfate (2:1), dihydrate
melamine sulfate (4:1), tetrahydrate
melamine sulfite (1:1)
melamine sulfite (2:1), dihydrate
melamine sulfite (2:1), tetrahydrate
melaminium acetate acetic acid solvate
melaminium citrate
2,4,6-triamino-s-triazine
melamine
melamine bis(oxymethyl)phosphonic acid salt
melamine oxalate (1:1)
melamine phosphate
melamine sulfate (1:1)
melamine sulfate (1:2)
melamine sulfate (2:1), dihydrate
melamine sulfate (4:1), tetrahydrate
melamine sulfite (1:1)
melamine sulfite (2:1), dihydrate
melamine sulfite (2:1), tetrahydrate
melaminium acetate acetic acid solvate
melaminium citrate
Canonical SMILES
C1(=NC(=NC(=N1)N)N)N
Method of Synthesis or Extraction
Melamine can be synthesized by several methods, including the reaction of urea with formaldehyde, the reaction of dicyandiamide with ammonium chloride, and the reaction of cyanamide with ammonium carbonate. The most commonly used method is the reaction of urea with formaldehyde, which yields melamine with a high efficiency and yield. However, this method also produces a significant amount of waste and can have negative environmental and safety considerations, such as the release of formaldehyde into the environment.
Chemical Structure and Biological Activity
Melamine has a unique chemical structure that consists of six nitrogen atoms arranged in a hexagonal ring. This structure gives melamine its high nitrogen content and makes it a potent nitrogen source for plants and animals. Melamine has been shown to have a number of biological activities, including the ability to inhibit the activity of certain enzymes and to disrupt cellular signaling pathways. These activities make melamine a potential therapeutic agent for a variety of diseases, including cancer and diabetes.
Biological Effects
Melamine has been shown to have a number of effects on cell function and signal transduction. It has been shown to disrupt the activity of certain enzymes, such as the enzyme responsible for the breakdown of purines, which can lead to the accumulation of toxic metabolites in the body. Melamine has also been shown to disrupt cellular signaling pathways, which can lead to changes in gene expression and cell behavior. These effects can have both therapeutic and toxic effects, depending on the dose and duration of exposure.
Applications
Melamine has a number of applications in medical research, including its role in drug development and clinical trials. It has been used as a scaffold for the development of new drugs, and has been shown to have potential therapeutic effects in a variety of diseases, including cancer and diabetes. However, the use of melamine in medical research is still in its early stages, and more research is needed to fully understand its potential benefits and risks.
In environmental research, melamine has been shown to have a number of effects on ecosystems. It has been linked to the decline of certain species of fish and other aquatic organisms, and has been shown to have negative effects on soil microorganisms. However, melamine also has potential benefits in pollution management, as it can be used to remove nitrogen from wastewater and other industrial effluents.
In industrial research, melamine is used in a variety of manufacturing processes, including the production of plastics, resins, and adhesives. It is also used to improve product quality and efficiency, particularly in the production of laminates and coatings. However, the use of melamine in industrial processes can have health and safety considerations, particularly in the handling and disposal of waste products.
In environmental research, melamine has been shown to have a number of effects on ecosystems. It has been linked to the decline of certain species of fish and other aquatic organisms, and has been shown to have negative effects on soil microorganisms. However, melamine also has potential benefits in pollution management, as it can be used to remove nitrogen from wastewater and other industrial effluents.
In industrial research, melamine is used in a variety of manufacturing processes, including the production of plastics, resins, and adhesives. It is also used to improve product quality and efficiency, particularly in the production of laminates and coatings. However, the use of melamine in industrial processes can have health and safety considerations, particularly in the handling and disposal of waste products.
Future Perspectives and Challenges
Despite its potential benefits, the use of melamine in scientific research and industrial applications is still limited by a number of challenges. These include the need for more research to fully understand its biological activity and potential therapeutic effects, as well as the need for more sustainable and environmentally friendly methods of synthesis and extraction. Additionally, the use of melamine in food and other consumer products remains controversial, and more research is needed to fully understand its potential health risks and benefits.
Conclusion:
Melamine is a nitrogen-rich organic compound with a unique chemical structure and a variety of potential applications in scientific research, industrial manufacturing, and pollution management. However, its use is still limited by a number of challenges, including the need for more research to fully understand its biological activity and potential health risks and benefits. As research in this area continues, it is likely that melamine will play an increasingly important role in a variety of fields, from medicine to environmental science and beyond.
Conclusion:
Melamine is a nitrogen-rich organic compound with a unique chemical structure and a variety of potential applications in scientific research, industrial manufacturing, and pollution management. However, its use is still limited by a number of challenges, including the need for more research to fully understand its biological activity and potential health risks and benefits. As research in this area continues, it is likely that melamine will play an increasingly important role in a variety of fields, from medicine to environmental science and beyond.
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