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Dipyrithione

Catalog Number: BT-291917

CAS Number: 3696-28-4

Molecular Formula: C10H8N2O2S2

Molecular Weight: 252.3 g/mol

The product is for non-human research only. Not for therapeutic or veterinary use.

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Product Introduction

Description

Dipyrithione is a chemical compound that is widely used in various fields, including medical, environmental, and industrial research. It is a potent biocide that has been shown to have a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity against various microorganisms, including bacteria, fungi, and algae. Dipyrithione has also been found to have potential therapeutic effects in the treatment of various diseases, including cancer, Alzheimer's disease, and psoriasis.

Properties

CAS Number

3696-28-4

Product Name

Dipyrithione

IUPAC Name

1-oxido-2-[(1-oxidopyridin-1-ium-2-yl)disulfanyl]pyridin-1-ium

Molecular Formula

C10H8N2O2S2

Molecular Weight

252.3 g/mol

InChI

InChI=1S/C10H8N2O2S2/c13-11-7-3-1-5-9(11)15-16-10-6-2-4-8-12(10)14/h1-8H

InChI Key

ZHDBTKPXEJDTTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N

SMILES

C1=CC=[N+](C(=C1)SSC2=CC=CC=[N+]2[O-])[O-]

Synonyms

2,2'-dithio-bis-pyridine-1-oxide magnesium sulfate
bis(2-pyridyl-1-oxide)disulfide magnesium sulfate
dipyrithione
dipyrithione magnesium sulfate
omadine disulfide
omadine MDS

Canonical SMILES

C1=CC=[N+](C(=C1)SSC2=CC=CC=[N+]2[O-])[O-]

Method of Synthesis or Extraction

Dipyrithione can be synthesized by various methods, including the reaction of 2-mercaptopyridine N-oxide with 2-bromo-1-phenylethanone, the reaction of 2-mercaptopyridine N-oxide with 2-chloro-1-phenylethanone, and the reaction of 2-mercaptopyridine N-oxide with 2-iodo-1-phenylethanone. The efficiency and yield of each method depend on various factors, including the reaction conditions, the purity of the starting materials, and the expertise of the chemist. Environmental and safety considerations are also important factors to consider when synthesizing dipyrithione. The use of hazardous chemicals and the generation of toxic waste should be minimized to reduce the environmental impact of the synthesis process.

Chemical Structure and Biological Activity

Dipyrithione has a unique chemical structure that consists of two pyridine rings linked by a sulfur atom. It is a potent biocide that has been shown to have a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity against various microorganisms, including bacteria, fungi, and algae. The mechanism of action of dipyrithione involves the disruption of the cell membrane and the inhibition of various enzymes and metabolic pathways. Dipyrithione has also been found to have potential therapeutic effects in the treatment of various diseases, including cancer, Alzheimer's disease, and psoriasis. Its bioactivity and potency depend on various factors, including the concentration, the duration of exposure, and the type of microorganism or cell line.

Biological Effects

Dipyrithione has been shown to have various biological effects on cell function and signal transduction. It can induce apoptosis, inhibit cell proliferation, and modulate the expression of various genes and proteins. However, dipyrithione can also have potential toxic effects, including cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, and immunotoxicity. The potential therapeutic and toxic effects of dipyrithione depend on various factors, including the dose, the duration of exposure, and the type of cell or tissue.

Applications

Dipyrithione has various applications in medical, environmental, and industrial research. In medical research, dipyrithione has been studied for its potential role in drug development, clinical trials, and findings, and its benefits and potential side effects. In environmental research, dipyrithione has been studied for its effects on ecosystems, its role in pollution management, and its sustainability and environmental impact. In industrial research, dipyrithione has been used in manufacturing processes to improve product quality and efficiency, and health and safety considerations.

Future Perspectives and Challenges

Despite the potential benefits of dipyrithione, there are still current limitations in its use and study. Possible solutions and improvements include the development of more efficient and sustainable synthesis methods, the identification of new biological targets and mechanisms of action, and the optimization of the dose and duration of exposure. Future trends and prospects in the application of dipyrithione in scientific research include the development of new drugs and therapies, the improvement of environmental management practices, and the enhancement of industrial processes. However, there are also challenges that need to be addressed, including the potential for resistance development, the risk of environmental contamination, and the need for more rigorous safety and toxicity testing.

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