2,2',4,4'-Tetrachlorobiphenyl - 2437-79-8

2,2',4,4'-Tetrachlorobiphenyl

Catalog Number: EVT-3558663
CAS Number: 2437-79-8
Molecular Formula: C12H6Cl4
Molecular Weight: 292.0 g/mol
The product is for non-human research only. Not for therapeutic or veterinary use.
Price:

Product Introduction

Description
2,2',4,4'-Tetrachlorobiphenyl (TCB) is a chlorinated biphenyl compound that belongs to the class of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). PCBs are synthetic organic chemicals that were widely used in various industrial applications due to their desirable physical and chemical properties. TCB, in particular, has gained significant attention due to its potential biological activity and environmental impact. This paper aims to provide an overview of TCB, including its synthesis methods, chemical structure, biological activity, effects, applications, and future perspectives.
Applications in Various Fields
In medical research, 2,2',4,4'-Tetrachlorobiphenyl has been studied for its role in drug development, particularly in understanding the mechanisms of endocrine disruption and evaluating potential therapeutic targets. Clinical trials and findings have highlighted the adverse effects of 2,2',4,4'-Tetrachlorobiphenyl exposure on human health, emphasizing the need for stricter regulations and monitoring. However, 2,2',4,4'-Tetrachlorobiphenyl's potential side effects, such as its persistence in the environment and bioaccumulation in organisms, raise concerns about its long-term impact on human health.
In environmental research, 2,2',4,4'-Tetrachlorobiphenyl's effects on ecosystems have been extensively studied. 2,2',4,4'-Tetrachlorobiphenyl is known to accumulate in the environment, particularly in aquatic systems, where it can disrupt the balance of ecosystems and affect the health of organisms. 2,2',4,4'-Tetrachlorobiphenyl's role in pollution management and sustainability lies in its identification as a persistent organic pollutant (POP), leading to efforts to reduce its production and release into the environment.
In industrial research, 2,2',4,4'-Tetrachlorobiphenyl has been used in manufacturing processes, primarily as a heat transfer fluid and electrical insulator. However, due to its adverse environmental and health effects, there has been a shift towards finding alternative compounds with similar properties but reduced toxicity. Improving product quality and efficiency involves minimizing 2,2',4,4'-Tetrachlorobiphenyl contamination in industrial processes and ensuring proper disposal to prevent environmental pollution. Health and safety considerations are crucial in handling 2,2',4,4'-Tetrachlorobiphenyl to protect workers and prevent exposure.

Properties

CAS Number

2437-79-8

Product Name

2,2',4,4'-Tetrachlorobiphenyl

IUPAC Name

2,4-dichloro-1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)benzene

Molecular Formula

C12H6Cl4

Molecular Weight

292.0 g/mol

InChI

InChI=1S/C12H6Cl4/c13-7-1-3-9(11(15)5-7)10-4-2-8(14)6-12(10)16/h1-6H

InChI Key

QORAVNMWUNPXAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N

SMILES

C1=CC(=C(C=C1Cl)Cl)C2=C(C=C(C=C2)Cl)Cl

Solubility

Insoluble (NIOSH, 2016)
1.85e-07 M
Solubility in water is extremely low; soluble in oils and organic solvents. /Polychlorinated biphenyls/
Solubility in water varies because Aroclors are variable mixtures.
In water, 703 ppb
In water, 240 ug/L at 25 °C
In water, 0.10 mg/L at 24 °C
In water, 0.27 mg/L at 20 °C
Insoluble

Canonical SMILES

C1=CC(=C(C=C1Cl)Cl)C2=C(C=C(C=C2)Cl)Cl
Method of Synthesis or Extraction
2,2',4,4'-Tetrachlorobiphenyl can be synthesized through several methods, including direct chlorination of biphenyl or by the reaction of biphenyl with chlorine gas in the presence of a catalyst. The efficiency and yield of each method depend on various factors such as reaction conditions, catalysts, and reactant ratios. However, it is important to note that the synthesis of 2,2',4,4'-Tetrachlorobiphenyl is associated with environmental and safety considerations. Chlorination reactions may produce toxic byproducts and require careful handling to prevent exposure to hazardous substances.
Chemical Structure and Biological Activity
The chemical structure of 2,2',4,4'-Tetrachlorobiphenyl consists of a biphenyl core with four chlorine atoms attached at the 2, 2', 4, and 4' positions. This arrangement of chlorine atoms imparts unique properties to 2,2',4,4'-Tetrachlorobiphenyl, including its biological activity. 2,2',4,4'-Tetrachlorobiphenyl has been found to exhibit a range of biological activities, including acting as an endocrine disruptor, affecting hormone signaling pathways, and interfering with cellular processes. The mechanism of action involves binding to specific receptors or enzymes, leading to altered cellular function and signaling.
Biological Effects
2,2',4,4'-Tetrachlorobiphenyl's effects on cell function and signal transduction are diverse and depend on the specific biological target. Studies have shown that 2,2',4,4'-Tetrachlorobiphenyl can disrupt endocrine signaling pathways, leading to adverse effects on reproductive, developmental, and immune systems. Additionally, 2,2',4,4'-Tetrachlorobiphenyl exposure has been associated with increased oxidative stress, DNA damage, and altered gene expression. These effects can have potential therapeutic implications but also pose significant toxic risks.
Future Perspectives and Challenges
Despite the extensive research on 2,2',4,4'-Tetrachlorobiphenyl, there are still limitations in its use and study. The complex nature of 2,2',4,4'-Tetrachlorobiphenyl's biological activity and its interactions with various biological targets pose challenges in fully understanding its mechanisms of action. Additionally, the long-term effects of 2,2',4,4'-Tetrachlorobiphenyl exposure and its potential synergistic effects with other environmental contaminants require further investigation.
Possible solutions and improvements include the development of more efficient and environmentally friendly synthesis methods for 2,2',4,4'-Tetrachlorobiphenyl. Additionally, the identification of alternative compounds with similar properties but reduced toxicity can help mitigate the environmental and health risks associated with 2,2',4,4'-Tetrachlorobiphenyl.
Future trends and prospects in the application of 2,2',4,4'-Tetrachlorobiphenyl in scientific research involve a deeper understanding of its role as an endocrine disruptor and its potential therapeutic applications. Furthermore, the integration of 2,2',4,4'-Tetrachlorobiphenyl research with other fields, such as nanotechnology and computational modeling, can provide new insights and approaches to address the challenges associated with 2,2',4,4'-Tetrachlorobiphenyl.
In conclusion, 2,2',4,4'-Tetrachlorobiphenyl (2,2',4,4'-Tetrachlorobiphenyl) is a chlorinated biphenyl compound with significant biological activity and environmental impact. Its synthesis methods, chemical structure, biological activity, effects, applications, and future perspectives have been discussed. 2,2',4,4'-Tetrachlorobiphenyl's diverse effects on cell function and signal transduction, potential therapeutic and toxic effects, and its role in medical, environmental, and industrial research highlight the need for continued investigation and regulation to ensure its safe and sustainable use.

Product FAQ

Q1: How Can I Obtain a Quote for a Product I'm Interested In?
  • To receive a quotation, send us an inquiry about the desired product.
  • The quote will cover pack size options, pricing, and availability details.
  • If applicable, estimated lead times for custom synthesis or sourcing will be provided.
  • Quotations are valid for 30 days, unless specified otherwise.
Q2: What Are the Payment Terms for Ordering Products?
  • New customers generally require full prepayment.
  • NET 30 payment terms can be arranged for customers with established credit.
  • Contact our customer service to set up a credit account for NET 30 terms.
  • We accept purchase orders (POs) from universities, research institutions, and government agencies.
Q3: Which Payment Methods Are Accepted?
  • Preferred methods include bank transfers (ACH/wire) and credit cards.
  • Request a proforma invoice for bank transfer details.
  • For credit card payments, ask sales representatives for a secure payment link.
  • Checks aren't accepted as prepayment, but they can be used for post-payment on NET 30 orders.
Q4: How Do I Place and Confirm an Order?
  • Orders are confirmed upon receiving official order requests.
  • Provide full prepayment or submit purchase orders for credit account customers.
  • Send purchase orders to sales@EVITACHEM.com.
  • A confirmation email with estimated shipping date follows processing.
Q5: What's the Shipping and Delivery Process Like?
  • Our standard shipping partner is FedEx (Standard Overnight, 2Day, FedEx International Priority), unless otherwise agreed.
  • You can use your FedEx account; specify this on the purchase order or inform customer service.
  • Customers are responsible for customs duties and taxes on international shipments.
Q6: How Can I Get Assistance During the Ordering Process?
  • Reach out to our customer service representatives at sales@EVITACHEM.com.
  • For ongoing order updates or questions, continue using the same email.
  • Remember, we're here to help! Feel free to contact us for any queries or further assistance.

Quick Inquiry

 Note: Kindly utilize formal channels such as professional, corporate, academic emails, etc., for inquiries. The use of personal email for inquiries is not advised.