Cocamidopropyl betaine - 86438-79-1

Cocamidopropyl betaine

Catalog Number: EVT-3567412
CAS Number: 86438-79-1
Molecular Formula: C19H38N2O3
Molecular Weight: 342.5 g/mol
The product is for non-human research only. Not for therapeutic or veterinary use.
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Product Introduction

Description
Cocamidopropyl betaine is a zwitterionic surfactant derived from coconut oil. It was first introduced in the 1950s and has since gained popularity in the personal care industry due to its mildness and compatibility with various skin types. CAPB is widely used in shampoos, body washes, liquid soaps, and other cosmetic products.
Applications in Various Fields
In medical research, cocamidopropyl betaine plays a role in drug development by serving as a vehicle for drug delivery. It can enhance the solubility and stability of hydrophobic drugs, improving their bioavailability. Clinical trials have also investigated the use of CAPB in topical formulations for various dermatological conditions, such as eczema and psoriasis. The findings suggest that CAPB-based products can provide symptomatic relief and improve skin barrier function.
In environmental research, the effects of cocamidopropyl betaine on ecosystems and pollution management are of interest. CAPB is biodegradable and has low toxicity to aquatic organisms, making it a preferred choice in environmentally friendly cleaning products. However, its widespread use in personal care products has raised concerns about its potential accumulation in water bodies and its impact on aquatic life.
In industrial research, cocamidopropyl betaine is used in manufacturing processes to improve product quality and efficiency. It can stabilize emulsions, enhance foam formation, and increase the viscosity of formulations. Health and safety considerations are crucial in industrial settings to ensure proper handling and minimize the risk of exposure to CAPB.

Properties

CAS Number

86438-79-1

Product Name

Cocamidopropyl betaine

IUPAC Name

2-[3-(dodecanoylamino)propyl-dimethylazaniumyl]acetate

Molecular Formula

C19H38N2O3

Molecular Weight

342.5 g/mol

InChI

InChI=1S/C19H38N2O3/c1-4-5-6-7-8-9-10-11-12-14-18(22)20-15-13-16-21(2,3)17-19(23)24/h4-17H2,1-3H3,(H-,20,22,23,24)

InChI Key

MRUAUOIMASANKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N

SMILES

CCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)NCCC[N+](C)(C)CC(=O)[O-]

Canonical SMILES

CCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)NCCC[N+](C)(C)CC(=O)[O-]
Method of Synthesis or Extraction
CAPB can be synthesized through the reaction of coconut oil with dimethylaminopropylamine (DMAPA) and sodium monochloroacetate. This process involves several steps, including esterification, amidation, and neutralization. The efficiency and yield of CAPB synthesis depend on the reaction conditions, such as temperature, pH, and reactant concentrations.
Environmental and safety considerations are crucial in the synthesis of CAPB. The raw materials used should be sourced sustainably, and the manufacturing process should minimize waste generation and energy consumption. Additionally, proper handling and disposal of chemicals are essential to prevent environmental contamination and ensure worker safety.
Chemical Structure and Biological Activity
Cocamidopropyl betaine has a complex chemical structure consisting of a betaine group, an amide group, and a hydrophobic alkyl chain derived from coconut oil. The betaine group provides CAPB with its amphoteric nature, allowing it to function as both a surfactant and a conditioner.
CAPB exhibits excellent foaming and cleansing properties due to its ability to reduce surface tension and form micelles. It is also known for its mildness and low irritation potential, making it suitable for sensitive skin. The biological activity of CAPB is primarily attributed to its surfactant properties, which enable it to remove dirt, oil, and other impurities from the skin and hair.
Biological Effects
Cocamidopropyl betaine can affect cell function and signal transduction in various ways. As a surfactant, it can disrupt the lipid bilayer of cell membranes, leading to changes in membrane fluidity and permeability. CAPB can also interact with proteins and enzymes, potentially affecting their structure and function.
The potential therapeutic effects of CAPB are still being explored. Some studies suggest that it may have antimicrobial properties, making it useful in the treatment of skin infections. However, further research is needed to fully understand its mechanisms of action and evaluate its efficacy in different therapeutic applications.
Future Perspectives and Challenges
Despite its widespread use, there are still limitations in the use and study of cocamidopropyl betaine. The mechanisms of action and biological targets of CAPB need further investigation to fully understand its effects on cells and tissues. Additionally, the long-term effects of CAPB exposure on human health and the environment require more extensive research.
Possible solutions and improvements include the development of alternative surfactants with improved biodegradability and lower toxicity. Researchers are also exploring the use of CAPB in combination with other ingredients to enhance its therapeutic effects and reduce potential side effects.
Future trends and prospects in the application of cocamidopropyl betaine in scientific research include the development of CAPB-based drug delivery systems and the exploration of its potential in regenerative medicine. The use of CAPB in sustainable manufacturing processes and pollution management is also expected to increase in the coming years.
In conclusion, cocamidopropyl betaine is a versatile surfactant with various applications in the personal care, medical, environmental, and industrial fields. Its synthesis, chemical structure, biological activity, and potential therapeutic and toxic effects have been discussed. Further research is needed to fully understand its mechanisms of action and explore its future applications.

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