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Sodium sulfate decahydrate

Catalog Number: BT-459043

CAS Number: 7727-73-3

Molecular Formula: H20Na2O14S

Molecular Weight: 322.2 g/mol

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Product Introduction

Description

Sodium sulfate decahydrate, also known as Glauber's salt, is a white crystalline solid that is commonly used in various industries, including pharmaceuticals, textiles, and detergents. It is a hydrated form of sodium sulfate, which is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula Na2SO4. This paper aims to provide an overview of the synthesis, chemical structure, biological activity, applications, and future perspectives of sodium sulfate decahydrate.

Properties

CAS Number

7727-73-3

Product Name

Sodium sulfate decahydrate

IUPAC Name

disodium;sulfate;decahydrate

Molecular Formula

H20Na2O14S

Molecular Weight

322.2 g/mol

InChI

InChI=1S/2Na.H2O4S.10H2O/c;;1-5(2,3)4;;;;;;;;;;/h;;(H2,1,2,3,4);10*1H2/q2*+1;;;;;;;;;;;/p-2

InChI Key

RSIJVJUOQBWMIM-UHFFFAOYSA-L

SMILES

O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.[O-]S(=O)(=O)[O-].[Na+].[Na+]

Synonyms

disodium sulfate
mangxiao
mirabilitum
natrii sulphas
puxiao
sodium bisulfate
sodium bisulfate, monohydrate
sodium hydrosulfate
sodium sulfate
sodium sulfate, 35S-labeled cpd
sodium sulfate, decahydrate
sulfuric acid, monosodium salt
thenardite

Canonical SMILES

O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.[O-]S(=O)(=O)[O-].[Na+].[Na+]

Method of Synthesis or Extraction

Sodium sulfate decahydrate can be synthesized by several methods, including the reaction of sodium hydroxide with sulfuric acid, the reaction of sodium carbonate with sulfuric acid, and the reaction of sodium chloride with sulfuric acid and sodium sulfate. The efficiency and yield of each method depend on various factors, such as the reaction conditions, the purity of the starting materials, and the presence of impurities. Environmental and safety considerations should also be taken into account, as some of these methods may produce hazardous byproducts or waste.

Chemical Structure and Biological Activity

The chemical structure of sodium sulfate decahydrate consists of sodium cations (Na+) and sulfate anions (SO42-) surrounded by ten water molecules (H2O). The water molecules form a lattice structure around the sodium sulfate, which gives the compound its characteristic crystalline appearance. Sodium sulfate decahydrate has been shown to have various biological activities, including anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antipyretic effects. Its mechanism of action involves the inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis and the modulation of ion channels and receptors in the nervous system.

Biological Effects

Sodium sulfate decahydrate has been found to affect cell function and signal transduction in various ways. It has been shown to modulate the activity of ion channels, such as the sodium and calcium channels, which are involved in the regulation of neuronal excitability and neurotransmitter release. It has also been shown to affect the activity of enzymes, such as cyclooxygenase and phospholipase A2, which are involved in the synthesis of inflammatory mediators. The potential therapeutic and toxic effects of sodium sulfate decahydrate depend on the dose, route of administration, and duration of exposure. It has been used in the treatment of various conditions, such as constipation, arthritis, and fever, but it may also cause adverse effects, such as diarrhea, dehydration, and electrolyte imbalances.

Applications

Sodium sulfate decahydrate has various applications in medical research, environmental research, and industrial research. In medical research, it has been used as a laxative, an anti-inflammatory agent, and a cryoprotectant in the preservation of biological samples. It has also been studied for its potential role in drug development, such as in the formulation of sustained-release tablets and the enhancement of drug solubility. In environmental research, sodium sulfate decahydrate has been studied for its effects on ecosystems, such as its role in the formation of acid rain and its impact on soil and water quality. It has also been used in pollution management, such as in the treatment of wastewater and the removal of heavy metals from contaminated soils. In industrial research, sodium sulfate decahydrate has been used in various manufacturing processes, such as in the production of glass, paper, and textiles. It has also been used to improve product quality and efficiency, such as in the purification of proteins and the stabilization of enzymes. Health and safety considerations should be taken into account when using sodium sulfate decahydrate in industrial settings, as it may cause skin and eye irritation, respiratory problems, and fire hazards.

Future Perspectives and Challenges

Despite its various applications, sodium sulfate decahydrate still faces some limitations in its use and study. For example, its solubility and stability in aqueous solutions may limit its use in certain applications, such as in drug delivery and protein purification. Its potential toxicity and environmental impact also need to be further studied and addressed. Possible solutions and improvements include the development of new synthesis methods, the modification of the chemical structure to enhance its properties, and the use of alternative compounds with similar biological activities. Future trends and prospects in the application of sodium sulfate decahydrate in scientific research may include the development of new drug formulations, the study of its effects on the gut microbiome, and the exploration of its potential role in cancer therapy.
Conclusion:
Sodium sulfate decahydrate is a versatile compound with various applications in different fields. Its synthesis, chemical structure, biological activity, and potential applications have been discussed in this paper. Further studies are needed to fully understand its biological effects, toxicity, and environmental impact, and to explore its potential in new areas of research.

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