Triethanolamine (TEA) is a colorless, viscous liquid with a faint ammonia-like odor. It is a tertiary amine and a triol, which means it has three hydroxyl groups. TEA is widely used in various industries, including pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and textiles, due to its unique properties, such as its ability to act as a pH adjuster, emulsifier, and surfactant.
greater than or equal to 100 mg/mL at 72° F (NTP, 1992) Miscible 6.70 M In water, 1.0X10+6 mg/L (miscible) at 25 °C Miscible with water, methanol, acetone; soluble in benzene (4.2%), ether (1.6%), carbon tetrachloride (0.4%), n-heptane (<0.1%) Soluble in chloroform Slightly soluble in petroleum ether 1000 mg/mL Solubility in water: miscible
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YLF-466D is an orally bioavailable activator of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), an enzyme involved in regulation of cellular energy homeostasis. YLF-466D activates AMPK at a concentration of 150 µM in platelets. It inhibits platelet aggregation induced by thrombin, ADP, and collagen (IC50s = 84, 55, and 87 µM, respectively) and inhibits aggregation of whole blood. YLF-466D leads to dose-dependent glucose uptake in L6 myotubes and, at a dose of 150 mg/kg, improves glucose tolerance in two mouse models of diabetes. YLF-466D is an allosteric AMPK activator. IC50 Value: N/ATarget: AMPKin vitro: YLF466D activated recombinant human α1β1γ1, α2β1γ1 and rat liver AMPK. It also activated AMPK α-subunit truncations containing an autoinhibitory domain(AID) and exhibited additivity with AMP and A-769662. Molecular docking of YLF466D with the S pombe AMPKa (25-351) suggests it may bind in the cleft between the kinase domain and the AID antagonizing the auto-inhibition distinct from AMP and A-769662. Incubation of YLF466D in Hela cells activated cellular AMPK without detectable changes in AMP:ATP ratio, proving AMPK was allosterically activated by YLF466D. YLF466D activated cellular AMPK in both L6 myotubes and HepG2 cells with evoking intracellular AMP:ATP ratio accompanied by depolarizing mitochondria membrane potential, but has no effect on the dephosphorylation of PP2Cα on AMPK. Thus, YLF466D activated cellular AMPK through dual mechanisms. in vivo: Functional studies shown YLF466D stimulated glucose uptake in L6 myotubes, decreased glucose output and lipid content in hepatocyte. Acute and chronic treatment of YLF466D on diabetic db/db mice and diet induced obese mice improved metabolic parameters.
CC-115 hydrochloride is a inhibitor of mTOR/DNA-PK (IC50= 21/ 13 nM).IC50 value: 21 nM (for mTOR), 13 nM (for DNA-PK)Target: mTOR, DNA-PKin vitro: The IC50 values for CC-115 are >10 μM against a panel of CYP enzymes and >33 μM for the hERG ion channel. When screened in a single point assay at 10 μM against a Cerep receptor and enzyme panel only one target was inhibited >50% (PDE3, IC50 = 0.63 μM).in vivo: CC-115 shows good PK profiles across multiple species with 53%, 76%, and 100% oral bioavailability in mouse, rat, and dog, respectively. CC-115, with favorable physicochemical and pharmacokinetic properties, demonstrates mTOR pathway inhibition and tumor growth inhibition, as well as a good safety profile, suitable for clinical development.
Losartan-d4 Carboxylic Acid is a deuterated analog of Losartan, which is a widely used angiotensin II receptor antagonist. Losartan-d4 Carboxylic Acid is a labeled compound that is used in various research studies, including drug development, clinical trials, and environmental research. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive review of Losartan-d4 Carboxylic Acid, including its method of synthesis or extraction, chemical structure, biological activity, biological effects, applications, future perspectives, and challenges.
Mafenide acetate is a topical antimicrobial agent used in the treatment of burns. It is a sulfonamide derivative that has been used for over 50 years to prevent and treat infections in burn wounds. Mafenide acetate is a broad-spectrum antibiotic that is effective against a wide range of bacteria, including gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria.
Lenalidomide hydrochloride is a potent immunomodulatory drug that has been used in the treatment of various hematological malignancies, including multiple myeloma, myelodysplastic syndrome, and mantle cell lymphoma. It is a derivative of thalidomide and has been shown to have improved efficacy and fewer side effects than its predecessor.
Menadione sodium bisulfite, also known as vitamin K3, is a synthetic compound that is commonly used as a nutritional supplement for animals. It is a water-soluble compound that is derived from the natural compound, menadione. Menadione sodium bisulfite has been extensively studied for its biological activity and potential therapeutic applications.
Batimastat is a synthetic compound that belongs to the class of matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors (MMPIs). It was first synthesized in the 1990s and has been extensively studied for its potential therapeutic applications in various diseases, including cancer, arthritis, and cardiovascular diseases. This paper aims to provide an overview of the synthesis, chemical structure, biological activity, and potential applications of batimastat.