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Neuropeptide S (rat)

Catalog Number: EVT-242205

CAS Number: 412938-75-1

Molecular Formula: C95H160N34O27

Molecular Weight: 2210.5 g/mol

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Product Introduction

Description

Neuropeptide S (NPS) is a 20-amino-acid peptide that has been identified in the brain and periphery of rats. It is known to play a role in regulating arousal, anxiety, and feeding behavior. The peptide operates through the NPS receptor (NPSR), which is widely distributed in the central nervous system. Research has shown that NPS can influence a variety of behaviors, including ethanol intake, anxiety-like behavior, and responses to stress, suggesting its potential as a target for pharmacological interventions in disorders related to these behaviors1 2 3.

Mechanism of Action

NPS exerts its effects through the activation of the NPSR. In the context of chronic pain, NPS has been shown to inhibit hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated (HCN) channel current (Ih) in the rat's amygdala, which is mediated through ERK1/2 phosphorylation. This action of NPS on Ih stimulates the glutamatergic drive onto GABAergic interneurons, facilitating GABA release and potentially providing an inhibitory mechanism for the regulation of chronic pain2. Additionally, NPS has been implicated in modulating the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and the neuropeptide YY1 receptor (NPY-Y1R) in the basolateral amygdala (BLA), which may contribute to an adaptive behavioral stress response in a rat model of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)3.

Applications in Various Fields

Alcohol Consumption and Preference

NPS has been found to reduce ethanol intake in alcohol-preferring (P) rats without affecting non-preferring (NP) rats. This selective effect suggests that NPS may modulate ethanol drinking behavior, potentially through its anxiolytic actions, as indicated by increased time spent in the center of activity monitors by P rats following NPS infusions1.

Chronic Pain

The modulation of HCN channel activities by NPS in the amygdala suggests a central inhibitory mechanism for the regulation of chronic pain. The increased expression of HCN1 in the amygdala of rats with peripheral nerve injury and the attenuation of nociceptive behavior by HCN channel inhibitors further support the role of NPS in pain regulation2.

Stress and PTSD

In a rat model of PTSD, NPS administered into the BLA following exposure to predator-scent stress (PSS) abolished extreme behavioral responses to stress. This effect was associated with the restoration of BDNF and NPY-Y1R expression levels, indicating that NPS may facilitate an adaptive behavioral response to stress and could be relevant as a pharmacological target for attenuating stress-related sequelae3.

Properties

CAS Number

412938-75-1

Product Name

Neuropeptide S (rat)

IUPAC Name

(2S)-5-amino-2-[[(2S)-6-amino-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S,3R)-2-[[(2S)-6-amino-2-[[(2S)-6-amino-2-[[(2S)-2-[[2-[[(2S)-2-[[2-[[(2S)-2-[[2-[[(2S)-4-amino-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-amino-3-hydroxypropanoyl]amino]-3-phenylpropanoyl]amino]-5-carbamimidamidopentanoyl]amino]-4-oxobutanoyl]amino]acetyl]amino]-3-methylbutanoyl]amino]acetyl]amino]-3-hydroxypropanoyl]amino]acetyl]amino]-3-methylbutanoyl]amino]hexanoyl]amino]hexanoyl]amino]-3-hydroxybutanoyl]amino]-3-hydroxypropanoyl]amino]-3-phenylpropanoyl]amino]-5-carbamimidamidopentanoyl]amino]-5-carbamimidamidopentanoyl]amino]propanoyl]amino]hexanoyl]amino]-5-oxopentanoic acid

Molecular Formula

C95H160N34O27

Molecular Weight

2210.5 g/mol

InChI

InChI=1S/C95H160N34O27/c1-49(2)73(127-71(137)44-111-78(141)65(42-69(101)135)125-84(147)61(31-21-39-110-95(106)107)120-86(149)63(123-77(140)55(99)46-130)40-53-22-9-7-10-23-53)89(152)113-43-70(136)115-66(47-131)79(142)112-45-72(138)128-74(50(3)4)90(153)121-57(27-14-17-35-97)81(144)117-58(28-15-18-36-98)85(148)129-75(52(6)133)91(154)126-67(48-132)88(151)124-64(41-54-24-11-8-12-25-54)87(150)119-60(30-20-38-109-94(104)105)82(145)118-59(29-19-37-108-93(102)103)80(143)114-51(5)76(139)116-56(26-13-16-34-96)83(146)122-62(92(155)156)32-33-68(100)134/h7-12,22-25,49-52,55-67,73-75,130-133H,13-21,26-48,96-99H2,1-6H3,(H2,100,134)(H2,101,135)(H,111,141)(H,112,142)(H,113,152)(H,114,143)(H,115,136)(H,116,139)(H,117,144)(H,118,145)(H,119,150)(H,120,149)(H,121,153)(H,122,146)(H,123,140)(H,124,151)(H,125,147)(H,126,154)(H,127,137)(H,128,138)(H,129,148)(H,155,156)(H4,102,103,108)(H4,104,105,109)(H4,106,107,110)/t51-,52+,55-,56-,57-,58-,59-,60-,61-,62-,63-,64-,65-,66-,67-,73-,74-,75-/m0/s1

InChI Key

RLPBYGCOBLSFSK-HDNLQJMQSA-N

SMILES

CC(C)C(C(=O)NCC(=O)NC(CO)C(=O)NCC(=O)NC(C(C)C)C(=O)NC(CCCCN)C(=O)NC(CCCCN)C(=O)NC(C(C)O)C(=O)NC(CO)C(=O)NC(CC1=CC=CC=C1)C(=O)NC(CCCNC(=N)N)C(=O)NC(CCCNC(=N)N)C(=O)NC(C)C(=O)NC(CCCCN)C(=O)NC(CCC(=O)N)C(=O)O)NC(=O)CNC(=O)C(CC(=O)N)NC(=O)C(CCCNC(=N)N)NC(=O)C(CC2=CC=CC=C2)NC(=O)C(CO)N

Canonical SMILES

Isomeric SMILES

C[C@H]([C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC1=CC=CC=C1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(=N)N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(=N)N)C(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(=O)N)C(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CCCCN)NC(=O)[C@H](CCCCN)NC(=O)[C@H](C(C)C)NC(=O)CNC(=O)[C@H](CO)NC(=O)CNC(=O)[C@H](C(C)C)NC(=O)CNC(=O)[C@H](CC(=O)N)NC(=O)[C@H](CCCNC(=N)N)NC(=O)[C@H](CC2=CC=CC=C2)NC(=O)[C@H](CO)N)O

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