Melphalan hydrochloride is a chemotherapy drug used to treat various types of cancer, including multiple myeloma, ovarian cancer, and breast cancer. It is a derivative of nitrogen mustard and belongs to the class of alkylating agents. Melphalan hydrochloride is a prodrug that is converted to its active form, melphalan, in the liver. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive review of melphalan hydrochloride, including its method of synthesis or extraction, chemical structure and biological activity, biological effects, applications, and future perspectives and challenges.
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Melphalan is a chemotherapy drug that is used to treat various types of cancer, including multiple myeloma, ovarian cancer, and breast cancer. It belongs to the class of alkylating agents and works by damaging the DNA of cancer cells, thereby preventing their growth and division.
Melphalan is a phenylalanine derivative of nitrogen mustard with antineoplastic activity. Melphalan alkylates DNA at the N7 position of guanine and induces DNA inter-strand cross-linkages, resulting in the inhibition of DNA and RNA synthesis and cytotoxicity against both dividing and non-dividing tumor cells. Melphalan is an orally and parenterally administered nitrogen mustard-like alkylating agent used in the therapy of multiple myeloma and ovarian cancer. Melphalan therapy has been associated with low rates of serum enzyme elevations during therapy, but when used in high doses as myeloablative therapy in preparation for hematopoietic cell transplantation, it is associated with high rates of enzyme elevations and acute liver injury due to sinusoidal obstruction syndrome. Melphalan, also known as L-sarcolysine or alkeran, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as phenylalanine and derivatives. Phenylalanine and derivatives are compounds containing phenylalanine or a derivative thereof resulting from reaction of phenylalanine at the amino group or the carboxy group, or from the replacement of any hydrogen of glycine by a heteroatom. Melphalan is a drug which is used for the palliative treatment of multiple myeloma and for the palliation of non-resectable epithelial carcinoma of the ovary. has also been used alone or as part of various chemotherapeutic regimens as an adjunct to surgery in the treatment of breast cancer, alone or in combination regimens for palliative treatment of locally recurrent or unresectable in-transit metastatic melanoma of the extremities, as well as for the treatment of amyloidosis with prednisone. Melphalan exists as a solid and is considered to be practically insoluble (in water) and relatively neutral. Melphalan has been detected in multiple biofluids, such as urine and blood. Within the cell, melphalan is primarily located in the cytoplasm and membrane (predicted from logP). Melphalan is formally rated as a carcinogen (by IARC 1) and is also a potentially toxic compound.
Carbobenzoxyglutamine, also known as Z-Gln-OH, is a synthetic amino acid derivative that has gained significant attention in the scientific community due to its potential therapeutic and industrial applications. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive review of the synthesis, chemical structure, biological activity, and applications of carbobenzoxyglutamine.
Carbobenzoxy-L-asparagine (Z-Asn-OH) is a synthetic derivative of the amino acid asparagine. It is commonly used in medical, environmental, and industrial research due to its unique chemical structure and biological activity.
N-a-Z-L-arginine-4-nitroanilidehydrochloride, also known as Arg-4NA, is a synthetic substrate used in enzymatic assays to measure the activity of arginase enzymes. Arginase enzymes are involved in the urea cycle, which is responsible for the breakdown of arginine into urea and ornithine. The measurement of arginase activity is important in various fields, including medical research, environmental research, and industrial research.
Cbz-L-arginine hydrochloride is a chemical compound that has gained significant attention in the scientific community due to its potential therapeutic and industrial applications. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the synthesis, chemical structure, biological activity, and potential applications of Cbz-L-arginine hydrochloride.