Prorsd1 Antibody

What is the specificity profile of PROS1 antibody?

PROS1 antibody (such as clone #391609) has been validated for specificity against human Protein S in multiple applications. Western blot analysis demonstrates that this antibody detects a specific band at approximately 80 kDa under non-reducing conditions when testing human plasma samples . Importantly, in direct ELISAs and Western blots, this antibody shows no cross-reactivity with recombinant mouse Protein S, making it suitable for human-specific studies .

When planning experiments with PROS1 antibody, researchers should consider:

• Using appropriate positive controls (human plasma)

• Testing under non-reducing conditions for Western blot applications

• Employing proper blocking agents to minimize background

• Validating antibody specificity in your specific experimental system

What experimental applications are validated for PROS1 antibody?

Based on available data, PROS1 antibody has been validated for the following applications:

Researchers should note that optimal dilutions may vary between laboratories and applications, necessitating preliminary titration experiments to determine ideal working concentrations for specific experimental conditions .

How should researchers reconstitute and store PROS1 antibody for optimal activity?

Proper handling of antibodies is crucial for maintaining their activity and specificity. For PROS1 antibody:

• Reconstitution should typically be performed using sterile PBS or similar buffer

• Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles which can degrade antibody activity

• Store reconstituted antibody at 2-8°C for short-term use (1-2 weeks)

• For long-term storage, prepare small aliquots and store at -20°C or lower

• Add carrier proteins (such as BSA at 0.1-1%) to diluted antibody preparations to prevent adsorption to surfaces

Many laboratories report improved stability when antibodies are stored in glycerol-containing buffers (typically 50% glycerol) at -20°C rather than at -80°C without glycerol.

How can researchers validate PROS1 antibody specificity in novel experimental systems?

When applying PROS1 antibody to new experimental systems, researchers should implement rigorous validation protocols:

• Employ genetic knockdown/knockout controls (e.g., CRISPR-Cas9 modified cells lacking PROS1 expression)

• Test against recombinant PROS1 protein with known concentration

• Perform peptide competition assays to confirm epitope specificity

• Compare reactivity patterns across multiple antibody clones targeting different PROS1 epitopes

• Validate across multiple techniques (Western blot, immunoprecipitation, immunocytochemistry)

These validation steps are critical as antibody cross-reactivity remains a significant challenge in research, contributing to the reproducibility crisis in scientific literature . As noted in recent high-impact publications, antibody cross-reactivity impacts data relevancy and can waste significant time and research funding on poor-quality reagents .

What methodologies can be employed to design PROS1 antibodies with custom specificity profiles?

For researchers developing novel PROS1 antibodies with customized specificity profiles, computational and experimental approaches can be combined:

Computational modeling approaches allow prediction of antibody-antigen interactions by:

• Optimizing energy functions associated with desired ligand binding

• Minimizing functions associated with undesired cross-reactions

• Jointly minimizing functions for cross-specific sequences when interaction with multiple distinct ligands is desired

Experimentally, phage display technology offers a powerful approach for selecting antibodies with desired specificity profiles:

• Design libraries targeting various PROS1 epitopes

• Perform selections against combinations of ligands

• Use high-throughput screening to identify candidates

• Validate using protein microarrays containing human proteome coverage

CDI Laboratories has developed a robust pipeline (FastMAb®) that leverages protein microarray technology (HuProt™ microarray containing 81% of the human proteome) to ensure antibodies produced are truly mono-specific . This approach helps address the reproducibility crisis by producing antibodies with confirmed specificity.

How do PROS1 antibodies perform in comparison to other detection methods for studying protein-protein interactions?

When studying PROS1 protein interactions, researchers should consider multiple methodological approaches:

What are the technical considerations when using PROS1 antibody in complex biological samples?

Working with complex biological samples presents specific challenges that researchers should address:

• Sample preparation optimization:

  • Use appropriate lysis buffers that preserve PROS1 structure

  • Consider native versus denaturing conditions based on epitope accessibility

  • Implement pre-clearing steps to reduce non-specific binding

• Background reduction strategies:

  • Optimize blocking reagents (BSA, milk, commercial blockers)

  • Include appropriate detergents in wash buffers

  • Consider sample pre-absorption with control antibodies

• Signal amplification considerations:

  • Select detection systems based on expected PROS1 abundance

  • Consider tyramide signal amplification for low abundance targets

  • Validate all amplification methods with appropriate controls

PROS1 has been successfully detected in human plasma samples using Western blot analysis with this antibody , suggesting its utility in complex biological matrices when proper optimization is performed.

What strategies can improve reproducibility when working with PROS1 antibody across different experimental batches?

To address the reproducibility crisis highlighted in scientific literature regarding antibodies , researchers should implement:

• Comprehensive antibody validation:

  • Test against recombinant protein standards

  • Validate in knockout/knockdown systems

  • Compare multiple antibody clones targeting different epitopes

• Detailed record-keeping:

  • Document antibody lot numbers, sources, and validation data

  • Maintain detailed protocols including all buffer compositions

  • Record incubation times, temperatures, and washing conditions

• Standardization approaches:

  • Include standard curves where possible

  • Normalize to housekeeping proteins with stable expression

  • Use consistent positive and negative controls across experiments

• Consider emerging antibody standardization guidelines:

  • Follow NIH recommendations for antibody validation

  • Document antibody performance metrics using standardized reporting

These practices help ensure that research findings are robust and reproducible across different laboratories and experimental conditions.

How can PROS1 antibody contribute to understanding coagulation pathway dysregulation in disease models?

PROS1 antibody enables investigation of Protein S dysregulation in various disease states:

• Thrombotic disorders:

  • Quantify PROS1 expression levels in patient samples

  • Localize PROS1 in tissue sections from thrombosis models

  • Monitor therapy-induced changes in PROS1 expression

• Inflammatory conditions:

  • Assess PROS1 regulation during acute and chronic inflammation

  • Investigate PROS1 interactions with complement components

  • Evaluate PROS1 as a biomarker of inflammatory states

• Cancer research applications:

  • Study PROS1-dependent mechanisms in tumor progression

  • Investigate PROS1 in tumor-associated thrombosis

  • Explore PROS1 as a therapeutic target in oncology

The high specificity of PROS1 antibody makes it particularly valuable for distinguishing between closely related proteins in complex signaling networks that regulate coagulation and inflammation.

What are the considerations when using PROS1 antibody in multiplex immunoassays?

When incorporating PROS1 antibody into multiplex detection systems:

• Antibody compatibility assessment:

  • Test for cross-reactivity with other primary antibodies

  • Validate specificity in the presence of multiple detection reagents

  • Optimize antibody concentrations to balance signals

• Fluorophore selection considerations:

  • Choose fluorophores with minimal spectral overlap

  • Consider signal strength relative to target abundance

  • Test for potential quenching effects between fluorophores

• Protocol adjustments:

  • Modify incubation times for balanced detection

  • Optimize washing steps to minimize background

  • Consider sequential rather than simultaneous antibody application

Researchers should perform single-plex controls alongside multiplex experiments to confirm that antibody performance is maintained in the more complex assay format.