PSD Antibody, HRP conjugated
Description
Definition and Target Protein
PSD-95 (Postsynaptic Density Protein 95):
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A 95 kDa scaffolding protein belonging to the membrane-associated guanylate kinase (MAGUK) family .
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Localizes to postsynaptic membranes and regulates synaptic signaling by clustering NMDA receptors, potassium channels, and neuroligins .
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Implicated in neurological disorders, including autism and schizophrenia .
HRP Conjugation:
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HRP (horseradish peroxidase) is a 44 kDa enzyme covalently linked to anti-PSD-95 antibodies for chromogenic (e.g., DAB, TMB) or chemiluminescent detection .
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Direct conjugation eliminates secondary antibody steps, reducing cross-reactivity and protocol time .
Applications in Research
PSD antibody-HRP conjugates are widely used in:
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Western Blotting: Detects PSD-95 at ~95 kDa in brain lysates .
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Immunohistochemistry: Visualizes synaptic PSD-95 clusters in fixed tissues .
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Synaptic Plasticity Studies: Links PSD-95 expression to learning and memory mechanisms .
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Disease Research: Identifies PSD-95 dysregulation in autism and neurodegeneration .
Enhanced Detection with Nanobody-HRP Conjugates
A 2023 study introduced a camelid nanobody-HRP conjugate (NbPSD95) that outperformed conventional antibodies :
| Parameter | NbPSD95-HRP | Conventional IgG-HRP |
|---|---|---|
| Size | 15 kDa | 150 kDa |
| Staining Intensity | 2.96% FRET | <1% FRET |
| Penetration Efficiency | High | Limited |
| Specificity | KO-validated | Cross-reactive bands |
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NbPSD95-HRP achieved brighter signals in IHC and WB at 10-fold lower concentrations .
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Compatible with super-resolution microscopy due to small size and lack of signal amplification .
Cross-Reactivity and Validation
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Clone 7E3 (IgG1) detects PSD-95 in mice, rats, and humans but shows additional bands at ~75 kDa and 50 kDa in rodent samples .
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Clone 7E3-1B8 (IgG2a) exhibits minimal cross-reactivity, validated in KO models .
Performance Considerations
Product Specs
Target Background
EFA6 Function and Related Research:
- EFA6 likely activates Arf GTPases locally, targeting them to the Flemming body for completion of cytokinesis. PMID: 26330566
- EFA6's participation in the activation of Arf6 around the cleavage furrow during cytokinesis. PMID: 23603394
- EFA6 is regulated by a negative feedback loop involving an allosteric interaction between Arf6-GTP and a domain of EFA6, differentially monitoring Arf1 and Arf6 activation. PMID: 25114232
- Arf GTPases are likely to be locally activated by EFA6 and in turn targeted to the Flemming body to complete cytokinesis. PMID: 26330566
PSD (Presumably Phosphatidylserine Decarboxylase) Function and Related Research:
- PSD expression may serve as a useful biomarker for early epigenetic diagnosis of gastric cancer, potentially identifying new pharmacological targets. PMID: 25355626
- Aberrant PSD methylation in ulcerative colitis (UC)-associated colorectal mucosa circumvents Rac1 immune responses involved in neutrophil chemotaxis and apoptosis, playing a crucial role in UC-associated carcinogenesis. PMID: 22179719
- Decreased F-actin accumulation and apoptosis were observed in UC patients with PSD methylation compared to those without. PMID: 22002136
- Pleckstrin, implicated in PSD function, is crucial for proinflammatory cytokine secretion in response to elevated advanced glycation end products (AGEs) in diabetes. PMID: 17579087
