PSME1 Human

Proteasome Activator Subunit 1 Human Recombinant
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Cat. No.
BT7505
Source
Escherichia Coli.
Synonyms

REG-alpha, PA28alpha, PA28a, Proteasome Activator subunit-1, Proteasome Activator 28 subunit alpha.

Appearance
Sterile Filtered clear solution.
Purity
Greater than 90% as determined by SDS-PAGE.
Usage
THE BioTeks products are furnished for LABORATORY RESEARCH USE ONLY. The product may not be used as drugs, agricultural or pesticidal products, food additives or household chemicals.
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Description

Structure

  • Protein Length: 249 amino acids (1–249 aa) .

  • Molecular Weight:

    • Human: 28.7 kDa .

    • Mouse: 28.7 kDa; Rat: 28.6 kDa .

  • Domains: Forms a heterohexameric ring structure with PSME2 (PA28β) as part of the 11S proteasome activator (PA28) .

Expression Systems

  • Recombinant PSME1 is typically expressed in Escherichia coli with >90% purity, enabling use in SDS-PAGE, mass spectrometry, and immunoproteasome studies .

Role in the Immunoproteasome

  • Enhances proteasome cleavage efficiency to generate antigenic peptides for MHC class I presentation .

  • Induced by interferon-γ, facilitating immune response coordination .

Key Interactions

  • Binds PSME2 to form the PA28 activator complex .

  • Interacts with Emerin, linking proteasomal activity to nuclear membrane proteins .

Cancer Biomarker Potential

GeneMedian Survival (Days)Hazard Ratio (95% CI)
PSME13,136 (high) vs. 2,030 (low)0.685 (0.516–0.910)
PSME23,379 (high) vs. 1,917 (low)0.576 (0.431–0.769)

Tumor Accessibility

  • In vivo studies show PSME1-specific antibody accumulation in prostate xenografts, highlighting its accessibility as a therapeutic target .

Tissue Expression Profile

PSME1 exhibits broad tissue distribution with elevated expression in immune-rich organs:

  • High: Lymph nodes, spleen, bone marrow .

  • Moderate: Liver (Kupffer cells), lung, prostate .

Research Applications

  • Recombinant Use: Purified PSME1 supports studies on immunoproteasome assembly and antigen processing .

  • Pathway Analysis:

    • Associated with Wnt signaling and MAPK cascades in melanoma .

    • Regulates autophagy and cellular protein localization .

Product Specs

Introduction
PSME1, also known as Proteasome Activator 28 subunit alpha, is crucial for presenting specific major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I antigens. Unlike traditional proteasome activators, the PSME1 complex functions independently of ubiquitin. Composed of two homologous subunits, alpha and beta, the PSME1 complex exhibits similar catalytic properties and assembles into a hexameric ring structure.
Description
Produced in E. coli, our recombinant PSME1 is a single, non-glycosylated polypeptide chain consisting of 269 amino acids (1-249a.a.) with a molecular weight of 30.8 kDa. This protein features a 20 amino acid His-tag at the N-terminus and is purified using proprietary chromatographic techniques.
Physical Appearance
Clear, sterile-filtered solution.
Formulation
PSME1 is supplied as a 0.5 mg/mL solution in 20mM Tris-HCl buffer (pH 8.0), 0.1M NaCl, and 10% glycerol.
Purity
Purity exceeds 90% as determined by SDS-PAGE.
Stability
For short-term storage (2-4 weeks), keep at 4°C. For extended periods, store frozen at -20°C. Repeated freeze-thaw cycles should be avoided.
Synonyms

REG-alpha, PA28alpha, PA28a, Proteasome Activator subunit-1, Proteasome Activator 28 subunit alpha.

Source
Escherichia Coli.
Amino Acid Sequence
MGSSHHHHHH SSGLVPRGSH MAMLRVQPEA QAKVDVFRED LCTKTENLLG SYFPKKISEL DAFLKEPALN EANLSNLKAP LDIPVPDPVK EKEKEERKKQ QEKEDKDEKK KGEDEDKGPP CGPVNCNEKI VVLLQRLKPE IKDVIEQLNL VTTWLQLQIP RIEDGNNFGV AVQEKVFELM TSLHTKLEGF HTQISKYFSE RGDAVTKAAK QPHVGDYRQL VHELDEAEYR DIRLMVMEIR NAYAVLYDII LKNFEKLKKP RGETKGMIY

Q&A

FAQs for PSME1 Human in Academic Research

Methodological Challenges

  • What technical hurdles arise when quantifying PSME1 in heterogeneous samples?

    • Issue: PSME1’s dual localization (intracellular in tumor cells, extracellular in stroma) complicates quantification .

    • Solution:

      • Use laser-capture microdissection to isolate specific compartments.

      • Combine IHC with spatial transcriptomics to map PSME1 expression zones .

  • How do PSME1 polymorphisms or isoforms affect experimental outcomes?

    • Current Evidence: No direct polymorphism data in humans, but murine models show PA28α deficiency alters viral antigen presentation .

    • Recommendation: Screen clinical cohorts for PSME1 splice variants (e.g., via long-read sequencing) and correlate with proteasome activity assays .

Data Integration & Biomarker Potential

  • Can PSME1 serve as a multi-disease biomarker?
    Evidence Table:

    DiseasePSME1 RoleKey FindingsSource
    Prostate CancerStromal/epithelial markerOverexpressed in metastases vs. primary tumors
    Gastric CancerPrognostic indicatorHigh PSME1 → improved survival (HR = 0.66)
    Type 2 DiabetesRisk factorListed as a Diabetes-associated protein

  • What computational tools are suited for PSME1 pathway analysis?

    • PPI Networks: Use STRING or TCGA data to identify PSME1 interactors (e.g., PSMB3, CCNE2) .

    • Enrichment Analysis: Link PSME1 to Wnt/NF-κB signaling via tools like DAVID or Metascape .

Emerging Research Directions

  • Does PSME1 interact with immune checkpoint regulators?
    Preliminary data suggest PSME1-high gastric tumors have elevated PD-1/CTLA-4 expression and higher tumor mutational burden (TMB), making them candidates for immunotherapy .

  • How does PSME1 influence non-cancer pathologies (e.g., metabolic diseases)?

    • Hypothesis: PSME1 may modulate insulin signaling via proteasome-dependent degradation of insulin receptor substrates .

    • Validation Approach: Profile PSME1 in diabetic vs. non-diabetic liver biopsies using multiplex assays .

Product Science Overview

Introduction

Proteasome Activator Subunit 1 (PA28α), also known as PSME1, is a protein encoded by the PSME1 gene in humans. This protein plays a crucial role in the regulation of the proteasome, a complex responsible for degrading unneeded or damaged proteins by proteolysis, a chemical reaction that breaks peptide bonds.

Structure and Function

The proteasome is a multicatalytic proteinase complex with a highly ordered structure composed of two complexes: a 20S core and a 19S regulator. The 20S core is made up of four rings of 28 non-identical subunits, while the 19S regulator consists of a base with six ATPase subunits and two non-ATPase subunits, and a lid with up to ten non-ATPase subunits .

PA28α is a subunit of the 11S regulator, also known as the PA28 activator complex. This complex enhances the generation of class I binding peptides by altering the cleavage pattern of the proteasome, which is essential for efficient antigen processing . The 11S regulator replaces the 19S regulator in the immunoproteasome, a modified proteasome involved in the processing of class I MHC peptides .

Biological Significance

PA28α is induced by gamma-interferon and is involved in the assembly of the immunoproteasome, which is crucial for generating tumor antigens presented by MHC class I molecules . This process is vital for the immune system’s ability to recognize and eliminate cancerous cells.

Clinical Relevance

High expression of PA28α has been associated with poor survival in patients with soft tissue leiomyosarcomas, a type of cancer. Studies have shown that high nuclear expression of PA28α predicts poor survival and decreased metastasis-free survival in these patients . This makes PA28α a potential prognostic biomarker for certain types of cancer.

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