PTGIS Antibody, FITC conjugated

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Description

Liver Fibrosis and Hepatic Stellate Cell (HSC) Activation

  • Role of PTGIS: PTGIS expression is elevated in early liver fibrosis but declines in chronic stages, correlating with reduced anti-inflammatory signaling .

  • Experimental Use: Overexpression of PTGIS in HSCs inhibits fibrosis markers (e.g., α-SMA, COL1A1) and promotes apoptosis, suggesting therapeutic potential . FITC-conjugated antibodies could track PTGIS localization in activated HSCs .

Immune Regulation and Macrophage Polarization

  • Prostacyclin Signaling: PTGIS-derived PGI2 suppresses T-cell proliferation and modulates macrophage polarization. In cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), PTGIS expression is linked to PGI2-mediated anti-inflammatory effects .

  • Antibody Utility: FITC-conjugated PTGIS antibodies help identify PTGIS-expressing CAFs in tumor microenvironments and assess their interaction with PTGIR-expressing macrophages .

Follicular Dendritic Cell (FDC) Function

  • PTGIS in FDCs: Human FDCs express PTGIS, producing PGI2 to regulate T-cell survival and proliferation. The 3C8 monoclonal antibody (later identified as anti-PGIS) was pivotal in demonstrating this role .

  • Diagnostic Potential: FITC-conjugated antibodies could enable fluorescence-based detection of FDCs in lymphoid tissues .

4. Data Tables: Antibody Specificity and Performance
Table 1: PTGIS Antibody Specificity

Antibody CatalogEpitopeReactivityApplicationsSource
ABIN5536968AA 210–238HumanWB, IHC-P
ab23668Pan-specificHuman, MouseWB, IHC, ICC/IF
A05053-2Internal regionHuman, MouseWB, Flow Cytometry
ABIN392532AA 30–61 (N-term)Human, MouseWB, IHC-P

Table 2: PTGIS in Disease Pathways

ConditionPTGIS RoleExperimental Evidence
Liver FibrosisAnti-fibrotic via PGI2 productionPTGIS overexpression reduces α-SMA/COL1A1 .
CancerSuppresses T-cell invasionCAF-derived PGI2 inhibits MMP2/MMP9 .
Immune RegulationInhibits T-cell proliferationFDC-derived PGI2 limits T-cell expansion .

Considerations and Limitations

  • Conjugation Optimization: Higher FITC:antibody ratios may reduce fluorescence efficiency due to quenching .

  • Cross-Reactivity: Verify specificity using blocking peptides (e.g., BLP-PR068 for PTGIR) .

  • Storage: Sodium azide preservatives necessitate careful handling to avoid toxicity .

Product Specs

Buffer
Preservative: 0.03% Proclin 300
Constituents: 50% Glycerol, 0.01M PBS, pH 7.4
Form
Liquid
Lead Time
Typically, we can ship products within 1-3 business days after receiving your order. Delivery times may vary depending on the purchasing method or location. Please consult your local distributor for specific delivery times.
Synonyms
CYP8 antibody; CYP8A1 antibody; Cytochrome P450, family 8, subfamily A, polypeptide 1 antibody; EC 5.3.99.4 antibody; MGC126858 antibody; MGC126860 antibody; OTTHUMP00000031777 antibody; PGIS antibody; Prostacyclin synthase antibody; Prostaglandin I2 (prostacyclin) synthase antibody; Prostaglandin I2 synthase antibody; PTGI antibody; PTGIS antibody; PTGIS_HUMAN antibody
Target Names
PTGIS
Uniprot No.

Target Background

Function
PTGIS catalyzes the biosynthesis and metabolism of eicosanoids. It facilitates the isomerization of prostaglandin H2 to prostacyclin (= prostaglandin I2), a potent mediator of vasodilation and inhibitor of platelet aggregation. Additionally, PTGIS exhibits dehydratase activity, toward hydroperoxyeicosatetraenoates (HPETEs), particularly toward (15S)-hydroperoxy-(5Z,8Z,11Z,13E)-eicosatetraenoate (15(S)-HPETE).
Gene References Into Functions
  1. In a study exploring the tumor suppressor PTGIS as a potential biomarker for treatment with either 5-Aza-dC or TSA, 5-Aza-dC effectively stabilized cell cycling, restricted genetic instability and derepressed PTGIS expression PMID: 26130461
  2. Based on the predicted crystal structure of CYP8A1( *)5 using the Molecular Operating Environment platform, the distance from CYP8A1 Cys441 to the heme was altered with a significantly changed binding free energy for the mutant protein. PMID: 25623425
  3. Research findings indicate that PGIS expression was associated with radiotherapy efficiency PMID: 25256272
  4. Type-2 diabetes is associated with higher COX-2 expression, but lower eNOS and PGIS expression in subcutaneous arteries. PMID: 24225501
  5. In a case-control study, unaffected carriers of a BMPR2 mutation, linked to pulmonary artery hypertension (PAH), were most often found to have prostacyclin synthase promoter sequence variants, which were thought to protect against PAH. PMID: 24605778
  6. These findings suggest that PGIS is induced by hypoxia and regulates the expression of VEGF in fibroblasts. PMID: 23807031
  7. High PTGIS expression is associated with colorectal cancer hepatic metastasis. PMID: 22219064
  8. The CC genotype of C1117A polymorphism is associated with higher risk of LM-CAD PMID: 22072641
  9. Overexpression of PTGIS is associated with liver metastasis in colon cancer. PMID: 22109564
  10. Diabetes preferentially increases PGIS nitration, which is associated with excessive vascular inflammation in atherosclerotic carotid arteries from patients with type 2 diabetes PMID: 20348234
  11. Review: PGI2 function depends on the different alleles of the PTGIS gene, and these may influence the risk of cardiovascular disease. PMID: 20357747
  12. PGIS overexpression appears to protect insulin-producing cells against cytokine toxicity via suppression of endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondrial stress-mediated cell death pathways PMID: 20159982
  13. MI is associated with the CC genotype of rs5629 in the human CYP8A1 gene. The A-C-T haplotype appears to be a useful genetic marker, and the C-T-T haplotype might be a protective factor of MI in Chinese people. PMID: 19147528
  14. Association study between a novel single nucleotide polymorphism of the promoter region of the prostacyclin synthase gene and essential hypertension. PMID: 11924728
  15. NMR and circular dichroism solution structure of microsomal PGIS PMID: 12193162
  16. The fallopian tube expresses both COX isoforms and PGIS PMID: 12213900
  17. The PGIS gene has a splicing mutation in familial hypertension PMID: 12372404
  18. Cyclic mechanical stretch augmented prostacyclin synthase promoter activity, via activation of activator protein-1 site, and prostacyclin synthase mRNA and protein expression in cultured human myometrial cells PMID: 12414894
  19. Gestational age decrease in the inhibitory prostaglandin I2 synthase is consistent with lessening of its influence in myometrium at the time of labor PMID: 12414902
  20. Effect of overexpression of this enzyme transfected into vascular smooth muscle cells in rats PMID: 12664597
  21. Residue(s) within helix F/G loop of PGIS may be involved in forming the substrate access channel and located in a position that influences the membrane-bound PGIS catalytic function PMID: 12741817
  22. Splicing mutation found in hypertension PMID: 12751759
  23. We successfully identified haplotypes of the PGIS gene, and these haplotypes were not associated with essential hypertension. PMID: 12924623
  24. Results suggest specific VNTR polymorphism in the 5'-upstream promoter region of the PGIS gene regulated prostacyclin production, but did not seem to be associated with development of CTEPH (chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension) PMID: 15182267
  25. Epigenetic inactivation of the PTGIS gene is a recurrent alteration in colorectal carcinogenesis PMID: 16007128
  26. The two major genetic loci Pgis1 and Pgis2 of murine spondylitis are homologous to chromosome regions in the human genome, which control ankylosing spondylitis in human patients. PMID: 16081819
  27. PGIS has a typical low-spin heme with a hydrophobic active site. PMID: 16406803
  28. Dengue virus could promote the expression of PGIS mRNA in HUVEC and increase the level of PGI(2), which may increase the vascular permeability. PMID: 17210107
  29. In vitro shear stress can promote PGI(2 )secretion by human endothelial progenitor cells. PMID: 17221326
  30. Adenovirus PGIS gene transfer reduced PPAR delta expression and inhibited neointimal formation after balloon injury in accordance with the reduction in the phosphorylation of p38 MAPK PMID: 17303142
  31. PGIS promoter haplotype can play an important role in the predisposition for lung cancer, and CpG methylation provides an epigenetic mechanism for the down-regulated PGIS expression. PMID: 17374734
  32. An intramuscular injection of AAV-PGIS prevents monocrotaline-pulmonary arterial hypertension in rats and provides a new therapeutic alternative for preventing pulmonary arterial hypertension in humans. PMID: 17635855
  33. These studies have provided the structural information for the interaction of the PGIS with its substrate mimic. PMID: 18081314
  34. Populations with both COX-2 -765GG and PGIS CC genotypes were more at risk for myocardial infarction. PMID: 19040046
  35. PTGIS genetic variation is associated with incident myocardial infarction. Carriers of rs20417C allele may derive greater benefits from aspirin use. PMID: 19046748
  36. The CC genotype and C allele of the prostacyclin synthase gene might be a risk factor of MI in the Uigur population in Xinjiang. PMID: 19065539
  37. Characterization of the recombinant PGIS intermediates is reported in reactions with other peroxides, peracetic acid, and iodosylbenzene, providing a mechanistic model of a peroxidase reaction catalyzed by the class III cytochromes P450. PMID: 19187034
  38. rs237484 is in proximity to the potassium voltage gate channel gene (KCNB1) and close to the prostaglandin I2 (prostacyclin) synthase gene (PTGIS). PMID: 19265782
  39. The CC genotype of CYP8A1 is associated with myocardial infarction(MI), respectively. PMID: 19327107
  40. In the Uigur population, the CC genotype of rs5629 and the C-T-T haplotype of the prostacyclin synthase gene are associated with myocardial infarction, but the A-C-T haplotype of the prostacyclin synthase gene might be a protective factor. PMID: 19719985

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Database Links

HGNC: 9603

OMIM: 145500

KEGG: hsa:5740

STRING: 9606.ENSP00000244043

UniGene: Hs.302085

Involvement In Disease
Essential hypertension (EHT)
Protein Families
Cytochrome P450 family
Subcellular Location
Endoplasmic reticulum membrane; Single-pass membrane protein.
Tissue Specificity
Widely expressed; particularly abundant in ovary, heart, skeletal muscle, lung and prostate.

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