Recombinant Adalia bipunctata Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 2 (COII)
Description
Introduction to Recombinant Adalia bipunctata Cytochrome c Oxidase Subunit 2 (COII)
Recombinant Adalia bipunctata Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 2 (COII) is a protein derived from the two-spotted ladybird beetle, Adalia bipunctata. This protein is part of the cytochrome c oxidase complex, which plays a crucial role in the electron transport chain of mitochondria, facilitating the transfer of electrons from cytochrome c to oxygen, ultimately contributing to ATP synthesis . The recombinant form of COII is produced through genetic engineering techniques, where the gene encoding COII is expressed in a host organism, typically Escherichia coli (E. coli) .
2.2. Expression and Purification
This protein is expressed in E. coli using in vitro expression systems, allowing for large-scale production . The purification process often involves affinity chromatography due to the His-tag, ensuring high purity levels, typically greater than 90% as determined by SDS-PAGE .
3.1. Biological Role
Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 2 (COII) is crucial for the electron transport chain, facilitating the transfer of electrons from cytochrome c to oxygen, which is essential for ATP production in mitochondria . This process is vital for the energy metabolism of cells.
3.2. Research Applications
Recombinant COII can be used in various biochemical assays, such as studying electron transport mechanisms, protein-protein interactions, and the effects of mutations on enzyme activity . It is also valuable for structural biology studies to understand the architecture of the cytochrome c oxidase complex.
3.3. Ecological Context of Adalia bipunctata
Adalia bipunctata, the two-spotted ladybird beetle, is an important biological control agent used against aphids and other pests . Understanding its biology, including its metabolic pathways, can enhance its effectiveness in pest management strategies.
Table 2: Amino Acid Sequence of Recombinant COII
| Sequence Segment | Amino Acid Sequence |
|---|---|
| N-terminal Segment | MSTWKSSLFLDSSSFLLEQLRFFHDHALLILNMITGAVAYIMISLLFNKYNHRFLLEGHT |
| Middle Segment | VETIWTILPAFTLIFIALPSLKLIYLIDEIRNPLVTLKTIGHQWYWTYEYSDFKKLEFDS |
| C-terminal Segment | YMLSYDNLNPFNFRLLEVDNRTILPYLSNIRLLTSSADVIHSWTIPSSGVKIDASPGRLN QMSFTLNRTGIFYGQCSEICGANHSFMPISIESISPSNFIKWVNKSSL |
Product Specs
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The tag type is determined during production. If you require a specific tag, please inform us, and we will prioritize its development.
Target Background
Recombinant Adalia bipunctata Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 2 (COII) is a component of cytochrome c oxidase (Complex IV, CIV), the terminal enzyme in the mitochondrial electron transport chain responsible for oxidative phosphorylation. This chain involves three multi-subunit complexes: succinate dehydrogenase (Complex II, CII), ubiquinol-cytochrome c oxidoreductase (Complex III, CIII), and cytochrome c oxidase (CIV). These complexes cooperate to transfer electrons from NADH and succinate to molecular oxygen, generating an electrochemical gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane that drives ATP synthesis and transmembrane transport. Cytochrome c oxidase catalyzes the reduction of oxygen to water. Electrons from reduced cytochrome c in the intermembrane space are transferred through the CuA center of subunit 2 and heme A of subunit 1 to the binuclear center (BNC) in subunit 1. This BNC, comprising heme A3 and CuB, reduces molecular oxygen to two water molecules using four electrons from cytochrome c and four protons from the mitochondrial matrix.
