Recombinant Arabidopsis thaliana E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase ATL31 (ATL31)

Introduction to Recombinant Arabidopsis thaliana E3 Ubiquitin-Protein Ligase ATL31 (ATL31)

Recombinant Arabidopsis thaliana E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase ATL31 (ATL31) is a protein derived from the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. It plays a crucial role in regulating plant growth and responses to nutrient availability, particularly the balance between carbon and nitrogen (C/N) in the plant's environment. ATL31 is a RING-type E3 ubiquitin ligase, which means it is involved in the ubiquitination process, marking proteins for degradation by the proteasome. This process is essential for maintaining cellular homeostasis and responding to environmental changes.

Function and Role of ATL31

ATL31 is primarily involved in the regulation of the C/N response in Arabidopsis. It targets 14-3-3 proteins for ubiquitination, leading to their degradation via the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. This degradation is crucial for modulating plant growth under varying C/N conditions. Overexpression of ATL31 enhances resistance to high C/low N stress, while its loss of function results in hypersensitivity during post-germinative growth .

Key Functions:

• Regulation of C/N Response: ATL31 helps plants adapt to changes in carbon and nitrogen availability by modulating protein stability.

• Ubiquitination of 14-3-3 Proteins: ATL31 specifically targets 14-3-3 proteins for degradation, influencing plant growth and stress responses.

• Phosphorylation-Dependent Interaction: The interaction between ATL31 and 14-3-3 proteins is phosphorylation-dependent, highlighting the role of post-translational modifications in this process .

Recombinant ATL31 Protein Characteristics

The recombinant ATL31 protein is produced in E. coli and is available as a His-tagged protein. This recombinant form is useful for biochemical and biophysical studies aimed at understanding the protein's structure and function.

Research Findings and Implications

Research on ATL31 has provided insights into its role in plant nutrient responses and stress tolerance. The protein's ability to target 14-3-3 proteins for degradation highlights the importance of the ubiquitin-proteasome system in regulating plant growth under varying environmental conditions.

Key Findings:

• C/N Stress Response: ATL31's regulation of 14-3-3 proteins is crucial for plant adaptation to C/N stress conditions .

• Phosphorylation and Interaction: Phosphorylation of ATL31 at specific sites enhances its interaction with 14-3-3 proteins, modulating their stability .

• Plant Growth Regulation: ATL31's activity affects plant growth by influencing the abundance of key regulatory proteins like 14-3-3 .

References Sato et al. (2011). Identification of 14‐3‐3 proteins as a target of ATL31 ubiquitin ligase, a regulator of the C/N response in Arabidopsis. Yasuda et al. (2014). Phosphorylation of Arabidopsis ubiquitin ligase ATL31 is required for its interaction with 14-3-3 proteins. Creative Biomart. Recombinant Full Length Arabidopsis Thaliana E3 Ubiquitin-Protein Ligase Atl31(Atl31) Protein, His-Tagged. Sato et al. (2009). CNI1/ATL31, a RING-type ubiquitin ligase that functions in the carbon/nitrogen response for growth phase transition in Arabidopsis seedlings. Sato et al. (2011). Identification of 14‐3‐3 proteins as a target of ATL31 ubiquitin ligase, a regulator of the C/N response in Arabidopsis.