Recombinant Arabidopsis thaliana Ethylene response sensor 1 (ERS1)
Description
Overview of ERS1
ERS1 is a protein that functions as an ethylene receptor in Arabidopsis thaliana . Genetic studies indicate that, in the absence of ethylene, the receptors positively regulate CONSTITUTIVE TRIPLE RESPONSE1 (CTR1), which inhibits downstream components to prevent ethylene responses .
Biochemical Characterization of ERS1
ERS1, similar to ETR1, forms a membrane-associated, disulfide-linked dimer when expressed in yeast . Yeast expressing ERS1 contains ethylene-binding sites, showing ERS1 is an ethylene-binding protein, which supports genetic evidence that ETR1 isoforms also function as ethylene receptors in plants .
Functional Studies of ERS1
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Negative Regulation: ERS1 inhibits the ethylene signaling pathway, implying negative receptor collaboration .
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Dual Functions: ERS1 represses ethylene responses and promotes them in an ETR1-dependent manner .
ERS1 and Ethylene Response
Ethylene binding to receptors reduces receptor activity, which leads to reduced activity of the CTR1 kinase, resulting in reduced phosphorylation of EIN2 protein . This reduction in EIN2 phosphorylation leads to a decrease in ubiquitination of EIN2, causing a rise in EIN2 protein levels and proteolytic separation of the C-terminal portion of the protein from the N-terminal portion . The C-terminal region of EIN2 increases the levels of the EIN3 and EIL1 transcription factors, leading to most ethylene responses .
ERS1 Interaction with Other Receptors
Wild-type receptor genes differentially supported the repression of ethylene responses by ers1-1 . ETR1 and ETHYLENE INSENSITIVE4 (EIN4) supported ers1-1 .
ERS1 and Light Treatment
Of the five ethylene receptor isoforms in Arabidopsis, ETR1 has a unique role in modulating the effects of red and far-red light on plant development . ETR1 inhibits germination after far-red light treatment and in the dark .
ERS1 and Stress Response
ETR1 affects ABA signaling or synthesis, and also affects ABA, GA, and perhaps ethylene in stress responses .
Product Specs
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Target Background
- ERS1 regulates the expression of a subset of ethylene-responsive genes, influencing the magnitude of the ethylene response. PMID: 25988998
- ERS1's repression of ethylene responses is primarily mediated through ETR1 and EIN4. PMID: 22227969
- ERS1 exhibits dual regulatory functions in ethylene responses. PMID: 20374664
- Analysis of the etr1 ers1 double knockout mutant in Arabidopsis thaliana revealed novel, previously uncharacterized receptor functions. PMID: 17224067
- AtTRP1 interacts with ERS1, influencing cross-talk between ethylene and auxin signaling. PMID: 19567478
