Recombinant Danio rerio Presqualene diphosphate phosphatase (ppapdc2)
Description
Enzymatic Activity and Substrate Specificity
PPAPDC2 exhibits diphosphate phosphatase activity with distinct substrate preferences:
| Substrate | Relative Activity | Optimal Conditions |
|---|---|---|
| Presqualene diphosphate (PSDP) | Highest | pH 7.0–8.0, Mg²⁺-independent |
| Farnesyl diphosphate (FDP) | Moderate | pH 7.0–8.0 |
| Phosphatidic acid | Low | pH 7.0–8.0 |
In vitro studies demonstrate that PPAPDC2 hydrolyzes PSDP to PSMP, a bioactive lipid involved in neutrophil signaling . It also dephosphorylates FDP and geranylgeranyl diphosphate (GGPP), intermediates in sterol synthesis and protein prenylation .
Functional Roles in Cellular Processes
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Regulation of Rho GTPases: Overexpression of PPAPDC2 in mammalian cells reduces membrane-associated RhoA levels by 69%, impairing cytoskeletal organization and cell motility .
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Sterol Metabolism: In yeast, PPAPDC2 overexpression depletes farnesyl diphosphate pools, causing sterol auxotrophy and growth defects .
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Interconversion of Isoprenoids: PPAPDC2 modulates cellular levels of isoprenoid phosphates, as shown using synthetic isoprenol reporters like anilinogeraniol (AGOH) .
Research Applications
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Isoprenoid Phosphate Metabolism: Used to study enzymatic pathways converting isoprenols to isoprenoid diphosphates .
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Protein Prenylation Studies: PPAPDC2 overexpression reduces protein isoprenylation, aiding investigations into GTPase function .
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Disease Models: Insights into dysregulated lipid signaling in immune disorders or cancers .
Comparative Analysis with Mammalian Homologs
While mammalian PPAPDC2 shares functional similarities with lipid phosphate phosphatases (LPPs), key differences include:
| Feature | PPAPDC2 | Mammalian LPPs |
|---|---|---|
| Substrate Preference | PSDP > FDP > phospholipids | Broad phospholipid substrates |
| Cellular Localization | Endoplasmic reticulum, nuclear envelope | Plasma membrane |
| Physiological Impact | Severe growth defects upon overexpression | Mild effects on cell proliferation |
PPAPDC2’s unique orientation in membranes (cytoplasmic-facing catalytic domain) distinguishes it from LPPs .
Technical Considerations for Use
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Handling: Lyophilized protein should be reconstituted gently to avoid aggregation .
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Activity Assays: Use radiolabeled PSDP or mass spectrometry-based methods for quantitative analysis .
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Controls: Include catalytically inactive mutants (e.g., site-directed mutants of the HxKxxxxD motif) to validate results .
Product Specs
Note: We prioritize shipping the format we have in stock. However, if you have specific requirements for the format, please specify them in your order remarks. We will accommodate your needs whenever possible.
Note: All our proteins are shipped with standard blue ice packs. If you require dry ice shipping, please inform us in advance as additional charges will apply.
Generally, the shelf life of liquid form is 6 months at -20°C/-80°C. The shelf life of lyophilized form is 12 months at -20°C/-80°C.
Target Background
STRING: 7955.ENSDARP00000074783
UniGene: Dr.143825
