Recombinant Danio rerio Transmembrane and ubiquitin-like domain-containing protein 1 (tmub1)
Description
Introduction
Transmembrane and ubiquitin-like domain-containing protein 1 (TMUB1) is a protein that participates in the endoplasmic reticulum-associated protein degradation (ERAD) pathway and functions as a ubiquitin-like protein . TMUB1 has a role in a range of cellular processes, including receptor trafficking . It is known by other names, including Hepatocyte Odd Protein Shuttling (HOPS) .
Gene and Protein Structure
The TMUB1 gene is found at the 4q11 position on chromosome 4 in rats and on chromosome 7 in humans . It consists of 1381 base pairs . The TMUB1 protein includes 245 amino acids, featuring a nuclear export signal (NES) at the amino terminus and a ubiquitin-like (UBL) structure in the 121–175 amino acid region . TMUB1 is a transmembrane protein .
Function
TMUB1 is involved in different cellular functions:
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Regulation of AMPA receptor recycling TMUB1 facilitates the recycling of AMPA-selective glutamate receptor GRIA2 to the cell surface .
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Inhibition of cell proliferation TMUB1 has an inhibitory effect on the proliferation of normal hepatocytes . It can inhibit STAT3 function by suppressing the phosphorylation of STAT3 .
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Role in tumorigenesis TMUB1 participates in inhibiting tumorigenesis through the p14arf-p53 pathway by repairing DNA .
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Regulation of PD-L1 levels TMUB1 increases PD-L1 levels in cancer cells, promoting immune evasion .
Expression
TMUB1 is expressed in various tissues, including the brain and liver . Its expression is significantly increased in hepatocytes after hepatectomy .
Role in Diseases
TMUB1 is implicated in several diseases, including:
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Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) TMUB1 expression is positively correlated with STAT1 expression in surgically resected HCC specimens, and TMUB1/STAT1 expression is negatively correlated with HCC pathological malignancy .
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Colon Cancer High expression of TMUB1 is a negative prognostic factor for colon cancer patients .
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Breast Cancer High levels of TMUB1 are significantly associated with decreased survival, and CD8+ T cell infiltration in patients’ tumor tissue is negatively correlated with the protein level of TMUB1 .
Interaction
TMUB1 interacts with CAMLG, a protein that modulates intracellular calcium levels . Co-immunoprecipitation experiments have confirmed their interaction in mammalian cells, with partial co-localization observed in the cytoplasmic region .
Prognostic Significance
High TMUB1 expression is associated with poor prognosis in several cancers :
Table 1: Correlation between TMUB1 Expression and Clinicopathological Features
| Characteristics | Total (N) | Odds ratio (OR) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|
| T stage (T3&T4 vs. T1&T2) | 477 | 0.953 (0.606–1.498) | 0.836 |
| N stage (N1&N2 vs. N0) | 478 | 1.368 (0.949–1.975) | 0.094 |
| M stage (M1 vs. M0) | 415 | 2.082 (1.210–3.675) | 0.009 |
| Pathologic stage (Stage III&Stage IV vs. Stage I&Stage II) | 467 | 1.487 (1.029–2.153) | 0.035 |
| Perineural invasion (YES vs. NO) | 181 | 0.966 (0.476–1.916) | 0.921 |
| Lymphatic invasion (YES vs. NO) | 434 | 1.961 (1.327–2.911) | <0.001 |
Product Specs
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