Recombinant Glycine max Omega-6 fatty acid desaturase, endoplasmic reticulum isozyme 1 (FAD2-1)
Description
Introduction to Recombinant Glycine max Omega-6 Fatty Acid Desaturase, Endoplasmic Reticulum Isozyme 1 (FAD2-1)
Recombinant Glycine max Omega-6 fatty acid desaturase, endoplasmic reticulum isozyme 1 (FAD2-1) is a genetically engineered protein derived from soybean (Glycine max) and produced in heterologous systems such as E. coli, yeast, or mammalian cells. This enzyme catalyzes the Δ12 desaturation of oleic acid (C18:1) to linoleic acid (C18:2), a critical step in fatty acid biosynthesis that regulates the polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) content in plant oils . FAD2-1 is a seed-specific isoform of the FAD2 gene family, with two paralogs, FAD2-1A and FAD2-1B, differing by 24 amino acids but sharing >95% sequence identity . Mutations in these genes are linked to high oleic acid phenotypes in soybeans, making FAD2-1 a focal point for metabolic engineering to improve oil quality .
Key Features of Recombinant FAD2-1
Role in Fatty Acid Metabolism
FAD2-1 is pivotal in determining seed oil composition:
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Activity: Converts oleic acid (C18:1) to linoleic acid (C18:2) via a Δ12 desaturation reaction, utilizing NADH and cytochrome b5 as cofactors .
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Seed-Specific Expression: Primarily active during seed development, with FAD2-1A and FAD2-1B transcripts accumulating in developing seeds .
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Impact of Mutations: Disruptions in FAD2-1A or FAD2-1B (e.g., deletions, frame-shifts) reduce enzyme activity, increasing oleic acid content (e.g., >40% in mutants M23 and KK21) .
Experimental Uses
Agricultural Implications
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High-Oleic Soybeans: Engineering FAD2-1 knockouts via CRISPR or RNAi to enhance oleic acid (>80%) and reduce linoleic acid (<4%), improving oil stability .
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Molecular Markers: Development of PCR-based markers for FAD2-1A/B mutations to streamline breeding programs .
Comparative Analysis of FAD2 Isoforms
Challenges and Future Directions
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Host Dependency: Recombinant FAD2-1 activity varies by host system (e.g., E. coli vs. mammalian cells), requiring optimization for functional assays .
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Post-Translational Modifications: Phosphorylation of serine residues (e.g., Ser-185) may regulate enzyme activity, warranting further investigation .
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Industrial Applications: Scalable production of recombinant FAD2-1 for in vitro fatty acid desaturation in biofuels or nutraceuticals .
Product Specs
Note: We will prioritize shipping the format we have in stock. However, if you have specific requirements for the format, please specify them in your order, and we will accommodate your request.
Note: All our proteins are shipped with standard blue ice packs. If you require dry ice shipping, please inform us in advance as additional fees will apply.
Generally, the shelf life of liquid form is 6 months at -20°C/-80°C. The shelf life of lyophilized form is 12 months at -20°C/-80°C.
Target Background
- Mutation within the FAD2-1A gene is associated with high oleic acid content PMID: 21681491
