Recombinant Gorilla gorilla gorilla Cytochrome c (CYCS)
Description
Introduction to Cytochrome c
Cytochrome c is a small hemeprotein that plays a crucial role in cellular respiration by transferring electrons between Complexes III and IV of the mitochondrial electron transport chain . It is highly conserved across eukaryotic species, including animals, plants, fungi, and unicellular organisms, making it a valuable tool in evolutionary biology studies . The focus of this article is on Recombinant Gorilla gorilla gorilla Cytochrome c (CYCS), although specific research on this exact compound is limited. We will explore the general properties of cytochrome c and its relevance to primates, including gorillas.
Structure and Function of Cytochrome c
Cytochrome c belongs to the c-type cytochrome family and contains a characteristic CXXCH motif that binds heme, with histidine and methionine serving as ligands to the heme iron . The protein structure consists of five α-helices, and its dipole moment facilitates interactions with other molecules . Cytochrome c is involved in electron transport and also plays a significant role in apoptosis by triggering caspase activation upon release from mitochondria .
Recombinant Cytochrome c
Recombinant cytochrome c proteins are produced using expression systems like Escherichia coli and are used in research for their high purity and stability . While specific data on Recombinant Gorilla gorilla gorilla Cytochrome c (CYCS) is not readily available, recombinant human cytochrome c is well-documented, with applications in studying mitochondrial function and apoptosis .
Evolutionary Conservation
Cytochrome c is highly conserved across species, with many amino acids identical in different organisms. For example, the sequence of cytochrome c in humans is identical to that of chimpanzees, but differs slightly from that of other mammals like horses . This conservation highlights its critical role in cellular processes.
Genetic Diversity in Gorillas
Gorillas, like other endangered species, face significant genetic diversity loss due to habitat fragmentation and population decline . While specific studies on cytochrome c in gorillas are lacking, preserving genetic diversity is crucial for their long-term survival, and understanding mitochondrial genes can provide insights into their evolutionary history.
Data Table: Comparison of Cytochrome c Properties Across Species
| Species | Molecular Weight (Da) | Amino Acid Sequence Length | Conservation Level |
|---|---|---|---|
| Human | ~12,000 | 104 | Highly Conserved |
| Chimpanzee | ~12,000 | 104 | Identical to Human |
| Horse | ~12,000 | 104 | Less Conserved |
| Gorilla | Not Specified | Not Specified | Not Available |
References:
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Wikipedia: Cytochrome c
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Scarpulla et al. (1982): Cytochrome c gene-related sequences in mammalian genomes.
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Nature: Significant loss of mitochondrial diversity within the last century due to human activities.
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Abcam: Recombinant Human Cytochrome C protein
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PMC: Accelerated Evolution of Cytochrome c in Higher Primates
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PMC: Molecular evolution of the cytochrome c oxidase subunit 5A gene in primates
Future Research Directions
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Investigate the specific amino acid sequence and structural features of Recombinant Gorilla gorilla gorilla Cytochrome c (CYCS).
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Explore the role of cytochrome c in mitochondrial function and apoptosis in gorillas.
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Conduct comparative studies of cytochrome c across primate species to understand evolutionary adaptations.
Product Specs
Note: While we prioritize shipping the format currently in stock, please specify your preferred format in order notes for customized preparation.
Note: All proteins are shipped with standard blue ice packs unless dry ice shipping is specifically requested and agreed upon in advance. Additional fees apply for dry ice shipping.
Generally, liquid formulations have a 6-month shelf life at -20°C/-80°C, while lyophilized formulations have a 12-month shelf life at -20°C/-80°C.
The tag type is determined during production. If you require a specific tag, please inform us, and we will prioritize its development.
Target Background
Electron carrier protein. The oxidized cytochrome c heme group accepts electrons from the cytochrome c1 subunit of cytochrome reductase, subsequently transferring them to the cytochrome oxidase complex, the terminal electron carrier in the mitochondrial electron transport chain. It also plays a critical role in apoptosis. Disruption of the balance between pro- and anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 family members alters mitochondrial membrane permeability, leading to cytochrome c release into the cytosol. Cytochrome c binding to Apaf-1 triggers caspase-9 activation, initiating a cascade of caspase activation that drives apoptosis.
KEGG: ggo:101135431
STRING: 9593.ENSGGOP00000028382
