Recombinant Hepatitis B virus genotype D subtype adw Large envelope protein (S)
Description
Immunological and Diagnostic Tools
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Immunoassays: Serves as an antigen in ELISA or Western blotting to detect anti-HBs antibodies .
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Vaccine Development: Pre-S regions are explored as supplementary antigens to enhance HBsAg-based vaccines, targeting neutralizing epitopes .
Therapeutic Antibody Engineering
Monoclonal antibodies targeting Pre-S1 domains inhibit viral entry. For example:
Genotype-Specific Studies
HBV genotype D exhibits distinct clinical outcomes (e.g., delayed HBeAg seroconversion, higher cirrhosis risk) . Recombinant LHBs-D adw is used to study:
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Viral Replication: Intracellular HBV DNA accumulation and core promoter mutations .
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Subgenotype Diversity: Subtypes D1–D10 vary in geographic distribution and pathogenicity .
Genotype D Subtype adw Epidemiology
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Global Distribution: Prevalent in Europe, the Mediterranean, and parts of Asia .
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Subgenotypes: D1–D10 exhibit >4% nucleotide divergence, influencing disease progression and treatment response .
Molecular and Clinical Insights
| Feature | Genotype D (vs. A/B) | Impact |
|---|---|---|
| Precore/BCP Mutations | Higher frequency | HBeAg-negative CHB, HCC risk |
| HBeAg Seroconversion | Later onset | Prolonged viral replication |
| HBV DNA Levels | Higher intracellular | Liver cell damage |
Data from European studies show genotype D dominance in acute infections (80% vs. 10% for genotype A) .
Challenges and Future Directions
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Protein Stability: Repeated freeze-thaw cycles degrade activity; storage at -80°C is recommended .
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Vaccine Efficacy: Pre-S1-based vaccines are under investigation to address HBV immune evasion .
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Therapeutic Targets: Neutralizing antibodies against LHBs-D adw could complement nucleos(t)ide analog therapies .
Product Specs
Please note: We prioritize shipping the format currently in stock. However, if you have specific format requirements, please indicate them in your order notes. We will do our best to fulfill your request.
Note: All protein shipments are standardly shipped with blue ice packs. If you require dry ice shipping, please communicate with us in advance, as additional fees will apply.
Generally, liquid form has a shelf life of 6 months at -20°C/-80°C. Lyophilized form has a shelf life of 12 months at -20°C/-80°C.
