TMEM78 is a transmembrane protein, meaning it spans the cell membrane . Transmembrane proteins like TMEM78 are involved in cell signaling, transport, and maintaining cell structure . TMEM78 has been reported to regulate changes in downstream effectors by mediating different signaling pathways and has been confirmed to be widely involved in cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, and tumor progression .
TMEM78 has been identified as a potential therapeutic target in treating malignant tumors . Malignant tumors are predicted to continue to be a threat because their influencing factors, pathogenesis, and progression characteristics have not been fully clarified . Studies have explored the role of TMEM78 in several types of cancer, including:
TMEM78 interacts with the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, which regulates embryonic development, tissue homeostasis, and cancer development . TMEM88 can bind to the PDZ domain of the scrambled protein and prohibit the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, which exerts a nonnegligible effect in regulating tumor cell proliferation, metastasis and host antitumor immunity . TMEM88 can function by regulating different downstream oncogenic signals and effector molecules and transmit upstream signals to interfere with the occurrence and progression of tumors and then have an anticancer effect .