Recombinant Lactococcus phage r1t Holin
Description
Introduction
Recombinant Lactococcus phage r1t Holin is a bacterially expressed, His-tagged version of the holin protein encoded by the Lactococcus lactis bacteriophage r1t. This protein plays a critical role in phage-induced host cell lysis by forming pores in the cytoplasmic membrane, enabling endolysin access to the peptidoglycan layer . Its recombinant form is used extensively in structural and functional studies of phage lysis mechanisms.
Role in Phage Lysis
The r1t Holin (Orf48) operates in tandem with its cognate endolysin (Orf49) to execute host lysis:
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Pore Formation: Accumulates in the cytoplasmic membrane, forming lesions for endolysin translocation .
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Lysin Activation: Enables the amidase activity of Orf49 by facilitating its access to the peptidoglycan layer .
Mechanism of Action
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Cross-Kingdom Functionality: Unlike some holins, r1t Holin does not require species-specific factors, enabling functional studies in heterologous systems like E. coli .
Key Studies
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Oligomerization Analysis: Cross-linking experiments confirmed r1t Holin’s ability to form dimers and higher-order oligomers in E. coli membranes .
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Chaperone Interactions: Demonstrated functional parallels with Mycobacterium phage Ms6 Gp1, a holin-independent lysin chaperone .
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Lysis Timing: Deletion studies in phage Ms6 showed holins fine-tune lysis timing, with implications for phage therapy .
Industrial Relevance
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Phage Resistance Mitigation: Recombinant holins are used to study mechanisms of phage-host interactions in dairy fermentation .
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Antimicrobial Development: Insights into holin-lysin systems inform engineered lysins for targeting antibiotic-resistant bacteria .
Future Directions
Product Specs
Please note: We will prioritize shipping the format currently in stock. However, if you have specific requirements for the format, please indicate them in your order notes. We will prepare the product according to your request.
Note: All proteins are shipped with standard blue ice packs by default. If you require dry ice shipping, please inform us in advance as additional fees will apply.
Generally, the shelf life of liquid form is 6 months at -20°C/-80°C. The shelf life of lyophilized form is 12 months at -20°C/-80°C.
Target Background
KEGG: vg:955473
