Recombinant Linum usitatissimum MLO-like protein
Description
What is Recombinant Linum usitatissimum MLO-like Protein?
Recombinant Linum usitatissimum MLO-like protein refers to a version of the Mildew Resistance Locus O (MLO) protein produced using recombinant DNA technology in Linum usitatissimum (flax). MLO proteins, found in plants, are involved in various developmental processes . Specifically, they contain seven transmembrane domains and a conserved calmodulin-binding domain .
Recombinant proteins are produced by introducing the gene encoding the desired protein into a host organism (e.g., E. coli) and inducing the host to express the protein . The recombinant Linum usitatissimum MLO-like protein is full length, contains between 1-217 amino acids, and is fused to an N-terminal His tag .
Function and Significance of MLO Proteins
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Role in Plant Development: MLO proteins have a part in plant development . For instance, Arabidopsis MLO4 interacts with CML12 and impacts root gravity response .
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Involvement in Disease Resistance: MLO genes can affect resistance to powdery mildew in flax .
MLO-like Genes and Powdery Mildew Resistance in Flax
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QTN Identification: Quantitative trait nucleotide (QTN) Lu13-1749576, which relates to powdery mildew resistance, was found in the gene region of the MLO ortholog Lus10001336 .
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Candidate Genes for Genome Editing: MLO genes, including Lus10001336, are candidates for genome editing to improve resistance to powdery mildew .
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RGAs and Disease Resistance: MLO genes are included among resistance gene analogues (RGAs) like NLR, RLK, and WRKY genes .
Genetic and Genomic Insights
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QTL Mapping: Studies use quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping to identify genes, such as FLAVONOID 3′5′ HYDROXYLASE (F3′5′H), involved in specific traits in Linum usitatissimum .
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Genomic Prediction: Genomic prediction uses identified QTNs for resistance breeding . For example, in flax, 349 QTNs can be used for powdery mildew resistance .
Example of MLO protein interaction
One study found that the MLO4 protein interacts with CML12, suggesting a role in root gravity response . The mlo4, cml12, and mlo4 cml12 mutants showed similar defects in root gravity response, indicating that MLO and CaM/CML families may have a conserved interaction .
Data Table of Powdery Mildew Resistance Genes in Flax
The following table summarizes candidate genes associated with powdery mildew (PM) resistance in flax, based on identified quantitative trait nucleotides (QTNs):
| Gene ID | Chromosome | Position (Mb) | R2 (%) | Gene Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lus10001336 | 13 | 1.7 | 1.23 | MLO ortholog |
| Lus10007812 | 8 | 18.3 | 11.49 | TNL |
| Lus10004726 | 5 | 1.5 | 27.83 | TNL |
| Lus10004727 | 5 | 1.5 | 24-28 | TNL |
| Lus10004719 | 5 | 1.4 | 32.06 | TNL |
| Lus10029860 | 5 | 1.5-13.3 | >20 | TNL |
| Lus10032303 | 5 | 1.5-13.3 | 24 | WRKY |
| Lus10027903 | 12 | N/A | 20 | RLP |
Product Specs
Note: We prioritize shipping the format currently in stock. If you require a specific format, please specify this in your order notes; we will fulfill your request to the best of our ability.
Note: All proteins are shipped with standard blue ice packs. Dry ice shipping requires prior arrangement and incurs additional charges.
The tag type will be determined during production. If you require a specific tag type, please inform us, and we will prioritize its inclusion in the manufacturing process.
Target Background
May be involved in the modulation of pathogen defense mechanisms and leaf cell death.
Q&A
Frequently Asked Questions: Recombinant Linum usitatissimum MLO-like Protein
Advanced Research Questions
How to resolve contradictory findings in MLO-mediated resistance studies?
Contradictions often arise from:
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Genetic background effects: QTNs for PM resistance show varying penetrance across flax accessions (e.g., R² = 10–30% for 44 stable QTNs) .
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Functional redundancy: Paralogs like MLO2 and MLO3 may compensate in knockout lines .
Methodological solutions:
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Multi-model GWAS: Combine single-locus (GLM) and multi-locus (mrMLM) analyses to detect major/minor QTNs .
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CRISPR-Cas9 multiplex editing: Simultaneous knockout of all MLO homologs .
What methodologies detect somaclonal variation in MLO genes during tissue culture?
Nanoparticle-induced variation is quantified via:
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Primer design: Gene-specific primers for Mlo (220 bp) and Pme3 (560 bp) .
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Sanger sequencing: Comparison of donor plant vs. callus/regenerant sequences .
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Variation scoring: Calculated as % nucleotide differences relative to the donor .
| Control | Au Nanoparticles | Ag Nanoparticles | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mlo SV (%) | Baseline | 14.68 ± 0.98 | 12.01 ± 0.43 |
| Pme3 SV (%) | Baseline | 2.07 ± 0.87 | 10.04 ± 0.46 |
How to evaluate functional redundancy among MLO homologs in flax?
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Phylogenetic analysis: Cluster MLO homologs with orthologs from Arabidopsis and barley .
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Cross-species complementation: Express flax MLO in Arabidopsis mlo mutants to test functional conservation .
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Co-expression networks: Identify shared regulatory nodes using RNA-seq data from PM-infected tissues .
What computational strategies predict the tertiary structure of MLO-like proteins?
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AlphaFold2 predictions: Generate 3D models using the 217-aa sequence (1-217) .
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Molecular dynamics simulations: Test stability of transmembrane helices in lipid bilayers .
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Docking studies: Screen for interaction hotspots with fungal Avr proteins using HADDOCK .
How to integrate multi-omics data to study MLO’s role in stress responses?
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Transcriptome-proteome correlation: Match RNA-seq data with LC-MS/MS protein abundance profiles .
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Metabolomic integration: Link MLO expression shifts with defense metabolite (e.g., lignans) levels .
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eQTL mapping: Identify SNPs regulating MLO expression under biotic stress .
Key Data from Recent Studies
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GWAS stability: 44 QTNs for PM resistance showed R² >10% across 8 years of field trials .
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Structural insights: AlphaFold2 predicts a cytoplasmic C-terminal domain with 92% confidence .
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Somaclonal variation: Au nanoparticles increased Mlo SV by 14.68% vs. 12.01% for Ag .
