Recombinant Litoria infrafrenata Frenatin-1

Shipped with Ice Packs

In Stock

Cat. No.

BT49935

Source

Yeast

Synonyms

Frenatin-1

Purity

>85% (SDS-PAGE)

Quick Inquiry

Cat. No.

BT49935

Source

E.coli

Synonyms

Frenatin-1

Purity

>85% (SDS-PAGE)

Quick Inquiry

Cat. No.

BT49935

Source

E.coli

Synonyms

Frenatin-1

Purity

>85% (SDS-PAGE)

Quick Inquiry

Cat. No.

BT49935

Source

Baculovirus

Synonyms

Frenatin-1

Purity

>85% (SDS-PAGE)

Quick Inquiry

Cat. No.

BT49935

Source

Mammalian cell

Synonyms

Frenatin-1

Purity

>85% (SDS-PAGE)

Quick Inquiry

Description

Recombinant Production Methods

Recombinant Frenatin-1 is synthesized using genetic engineering techniques to bypass the need for direct extraction from frog secretions, which poses ethical and sustainability challenges. Key steps include:

cDNA Cloning: mRNA extracted from L. infrafrenata skin secretions is reverse-transcribed into cDNA. A frenatin precursor gene is amplified via 3′-RACE (Rapid Amplification of cDNA Ends) .
Vector Construction: The gene is inserted into an expression vector (e.g., pET-28a) under a strong promoter (e.g., T7).
Host Expression: The vector is transformed into E. coli BL21(DE3) cells. Induction with IPTG triggers peptide expression .
Purification: Affinity chromatography (e.g., Ni-NTA) followed by RP-HPLC yields >95% pure peptide .

Table 2: Key Parameters in Recombinant Production

Parameter	Optimization Strategy
Codon Usage	Codon-optimized for E. coli
Solubility	Fusion tags (e.g., SUMO)
Post-Translational Modification	Chemical amidation post-purification

Antimicrobial Activity

Frenatin-1 exhibits moderate antimicrobial activity compared to other frenatins. Its minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) against common pathogens are higher than those of modified analogues, suggesting room for optimization .

Table 3: Antimicrobial Activity Comparison

Peptide	MIC (μg/mL) Against S. aureus	MIC (μg/mL) Against E. coli	MIC (μg/mL) Against C. albicans
Frenatin-1	>512	>512	>512
Frenatin 4.2a*	16	32	16
Magainin II	32	64	128

*Frenatin 4.2a is a synthetic analogue with enhanced activity .

Structure-Activity Relationships

Modifications to Frenatin-1’s sequence have been explored to improve efficacy:

Charge Optimization: Substituting neutral residues (e.g., Thr→Lys) increases net charge (+1 → +3), enhancing membrane disruption .
Hydrophobicity Adjustments: Replacing polar residues (e.g., Ser→Leu) improves interaction with lipid bilayers .
C-Terminal Modifications: Amidation stabilizes the peptide against proteolytic degradation.

Haemolytic Activity and Toxicity

Frenatin-1 shows negligible haemolysis at concentrations up to 512 μg/mL, making it safer for therapeutic use compared to more potent analogues like Frenatin 4.2a, which causes 15% haemolysis at 64 μg/mL .

Comparative Analysis with Other Frenatins

Frenatin-1 is distinct within its family due to its shorter sequence and lower cationicity.

Table 4: Frenatin Family Comparison

Peptide	Sequence	Source	Key Feature
Frenatin-1	GLLDALSGILGL.NH<sub>2</sub>	L. infrafrenata	Low hydrophobicity
Frenatin-2	GLLGTLGNLLNGLGL.NH<sub>2</sub>	L. infrafrenata	Extended helical core
Frenatin-3	Gly-Leu-Met-Ser-Val-Leu-Gly-...	L. infrafrenata	Broad-spectrum activity

Research Gaps and Future Directions

Delivery Systems: Nanoencapsulation to enhance bioavailability.
Synergistic Combinations: Pairing with conventional antibiotics to reduce resistance .
In Vivo Studies: Efficacy and toxicity profiles in mammalian models remain unexplored.

Product Specs

Form

Lyophilized powder. We will ship the available format, but you can specify your preference when ordering.

Lead Time

Delivery times vary by location and purchase method. Contact your local distributor for specifics. Proteins are shipped with blue ice packs by default; request dry ice in advance for an extra fee.

Notes

Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles. Working aliquots are stable at 4°C for up to one week.

Reconstitution

Briefly centrifuge the vial before opening. Reconstitute in sterile deionized water to 0.1-1.0 mg/mL. Add 5-50% glycerol (final concentration) and aliquot for long-term storage at -20°C/-80°C. Default glycerol concentration is 50%.

Shelf Life

Shelf life depends on storage conditions, buffer, temperature, and protein stability. Liquid form: 6 months at -20°C/-80°C. Lyophilized form: 12 months at -20°C/-80°C.

Storage Condition

Store at -20°C/-80°C upon arrival. Aliquot for multiple uses. Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.

Tag Info

Tag type is determined during manufacturing. Specify your preferred tag type during ordering if needed.

Synonyms

Frenatin-1

Buffer Before Lyophilization

Tris/PBS-based buffer, 6% Trehalose.

Datasheet

Please contact us to get it.

Expression Region

1-12

Protein Length

Cytoplasmic domain

Purity

>85% (SDS-PAGE)

Species

Litoria infrafrenata (Giant tree frog) (White-lipped tree frog)

Target Protein Sequence

GLLDALSGIL GL

Uniprot No.

P82021

Target Background

Function

Antimicrobial peptide selectively active against Micrococcus luteus (MIC=25 ug/ml). Inactive against Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli, Leuconostoc mesenteroides, Pastewella haemolytica, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus faecalis, and Streptococcus uberis.

Subcellular Location

Secreted.

Tissue Specificity

Expressed by the skin glands.

Quick Inquiry

Personal Email Detected

Please use an institutional or corporate email address for inquiries. Personal email accounts ( such as Gmail, Yahoo, and Outlook) are not accepted. *

Name*

Email*

Phone

Country

Source

Quantity&Size*

Product Name

Message

Recombinant Litoria infrafrenata Frenatin-1

Description

Recombinant Production Methods

Table 2: Key Parameters in Recombinant Production

Antimicrobial Activity

Table 3: Antimicrobial Activity Comparison

Structure-Activity Relationships

Haemolytic Activity and Toxicity

Comparative Analysis with Other Frenatins

Table 4: Frenatin Family Comparison

Research Gaps and Future Directions

Product Specs

Target Background

Quick Inquiry

Category

Service