Recombinant Mouse Cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-3 (Atf3)
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Description
Introduction to Recombinant Mouse Cyclic AMP-dependent Transcription Factor ATF-3 (Atf3)
Recombinant Mouse Cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-3 (Atf3) is a genetically engineered version of the naturally occurring ATF3 protein found in mice. ATF3 is a member of the ATF/cAMP response element-binding (CREB) family of transcription factors, which play crucial roles in regulating gene expression in response to various cellular stresses and signals . The recombinant form allows for the production of ATF3 in large quantities for research and potential therapeutic applications.
Structure and Function of ATF3
ATF3 is encoded by a gene consisting of four exons, resulting in a 181-amino acid protein with a molecular weight of approximately 22 kDa . It contains a basic leucine zipper (bZIP) domain, which enables it to form homodimers or heterodimers with other proteins, thereby modulating its transcriptional activity . ATF3 can act as both a transcriptional activator and repressor, depending on the cellular context and the specific promoters it interacts with .
Role in Stress Response and Regeneration
ATF3 is induced in response to physiological stress in various tissues and serves as a marker for neuronal regeneration following injury . It promotes the regeneration of peripheral neurons but does not support the regeneration of central nervous system neurons .
Involvement in Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA)
ATF3 has been identified as a potential biomarker in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), correlating with pharmacotherapy response and immune cell infiltration . It promotes the proliferation, migration, and invasion of RA fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS), suggesting a role in the pathogenesis of RA .
Metabolic Homeostasis and Cancer
ATF3 plays a significant role in metabolic homeostasis and is involved in the regulation of glucose metabolism and adipose tissue function . It also acts as a regulator in various cancers, including prostate, breast, colon, lung, and liver cancers .
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)
ATF3 has been proposed as a novel biomarker for the early diagnosis of acute kidney injury (AKI) due to its early expression in AKI conditions .
Table 1: ATF3 Binding Sites on Promoters
| Promoter Sequence | Binding Site Sequence |
|---|---|
| IL-12p40 | TCGACGTCT |
| CCL4 | TGACATCA |
| Cyclin D1 (CCND1) | TAACGTCA |
| GADD153 | TTGCATCA |
Table 2: ATF3 Functions in Different Tissues
| Tissue/Condition | Function of ATF3 |
|---|---|
| Peripheral Neurons | Promotes regeneration |
| Central Nervous System | Does not promote regeneration |
| Rheumatoid Arthritis | Promotes FLS proliferation and migration |
| Metabolic Homeostasis | Regulates glucose metabolism and adipose tissue function |
| Cancer | Acts as a regulator in various cancers |
References Wikipedia contributors. (2023). ATF3. Wikipedia. Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences. (2021). Identification and Validation of ATF3 Serving as a Potential Biomarker in Rheumatoid Arthritis. Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences, 761841. Frontiers in Endocrinology. (2020). Master Regulator Activating Transcription Factor 3 (ATF3) in Metabolic Homeostasis and Cancer. Frontiers in Endocrinology, 11, 556. PMC. (2020). Master Regulator Activating Transcription Factor 3 (ATF3) in Metabolic Homeostasis and Cancer. PMC. PMC. (2022). ATF3: A Novel Biomarker for the Diagnosis of Acute Kidney Injury After Surgery. PMC. MDPI. (2022). The Dual Roles of Activating Transcription Factor 3 (ATF3) in Inflammation, Apoptosis, Ferroptosis, and Pathogen Infection Responses. MDPI.
Product Specs
Form
Lyophilized powder
Note: While we prioritize shipping the format currently in stock, please specify any format requirements in your order notes. We will accommodate your request to the best of our ability.
Note: While we prioritize shipping the format currently in stock, please specify any format requirements in your order notes. We will accommodate your request to the best of our ability.
Lead Time
Delivery times vary depending on the purchase method and location. Please contact your local distributor for precise delivery estimates.
Note: All protein shipments include standard blue ice packs. Dry ice shipping requires advance notification and incurs additional charges.
Note: All protein shipments include standard blue ice packs. Dry ice shipping requires advance notification and incurs additional charges.
Notes
Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles. Store working aliquots at 4°C for up to one week.
Reconstitution
Centrifuge the vial briefly before opening to collect the contents. Reconstitute the protein in sterile, deionized water to a concentration of 0.1-1.0 mg/mL. For long-term storage, we recommend adding 5-50% glycerol (final concentration) and aliquoting at -20°C/-80°C. Our standard glycerol concentration is 50%, which can serve as a guideline.
Shelf Life
Shelf life depends on storage conditions, buffer composition, temperature, and protein stability. Generally, liquid formulations have a 6-month shelf life at -20°C/-80°C, while lyophilized forms have a 12-month shelf life at -20°C/-80°C.
Storage Condition
Upon receipt, store at -20°C/-80°C. Aliquot to prevent repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Tag Info
The tag type is determined during the manufacturing process.
Tag type is determined during production. If you require a specific tag, please inform us, and we will prioritize its development.
Synonyms
Atf3; Cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-3; cAMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-3; Activating transcription factor 3; Transcription factor LRG-21
Buffer Before Lyophilization
Tris/PBS-based buffer, 6%
Trehalose.
Datasheet
Please contact us to get it.
Expression Region
1-181
Protein Length
full length protein
Purity
>85% (SDS-PAGE)
Species
Mus musculus (Mouse)
Target Names
Target Protein Sequence
MMLQHPGQVS ASEVSATAIV PCLSPPGSLV FEDFANLTPF VKEELRFAIQ NKHLCHRMSS
ALESVTVNNR PLEMSVTKSE AAPEEDERKR RRRERNKIAA AKCRNKKKEK TECLQKESEK
LESVNAELKA QIEELKNEKQ HLIYMLNLHR PTCIVRAQNG RTPEDERNLF IQQIKEGTLQ
S
Uniprot No.
Target Background
Function
This protein binds to the cAMP response element (CRE) (consensus: 5'-GTGACGT[AC][AG]-3'), a sequence found in numerous viral and cellular promoters. It represses transcription from promoters containing ATF sites, potentially by stabilizing the binding of inhibitory cofactors at the promoter.
Gene References Into Functions
- Atf3-deficient mice exhibited spontaneous tumor development and significantly reduced lifespan compared to wild-type mice. PMID: 28869597
- ATF3 may promote intestinal epithelial cell apoptosis in Crohn's disease by upregulating p53 stability and transcriptional activity. PMID: 29716766
- Itaconate and its derivatives modulate the IκBζ-ATF3 inflammatory axis; targeting this axis may offer a novel therapeutic strategy for IL-17-IκBζ-mediated autoimmune diseases. PMID: 29670287
- Host cell ATF3 influences the immunomodulatory effects and cancer metastasis of a chemotherapeutic agent. PMID: 28784776
- Naringenin protects against murine endotoxemia via AMPK-ATF3-dependent negative regulation of the LPS/TLR4 signaling pathway. PMID: 28004841
- Conditional deletion of ATF3 in osteoclast precursors protects against RANKL-induced osteoclast activation and bone loss. PMID: 27480204
- Leptin/leptin-receptor (Lep/Lepr) signaling upregulates Atf3 expression in hypothalamic neurons, influencing energy metabolism. PMID: 29535089
- ATF3 promotes macrophage migration and shifts M1-polarized macrophages to the M2 phenotype by upregulating TNC via the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. PMID: 28714032
- Microglia interactions in the hypoglossal nucleus involve ATF3-regulated neuronal signals. PMID: 28522413
- ATF3 contributes to particulate matter-induced pulmonary inflammation. PMID: 29378244
- ATF3 inhibits Mycoplasma pneumoniae-induced expression and release of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-18, potentially through negative regulation of the Egr-1/Fyn signaling pathway. PMID: 28440917
- The anti-inflammatory mechanisms of ApoA-I cysteine mutants may involve ATF3 regulation. PMID: 28093456
- ATF3 acts as a cofactor of c-Fos and NFATc1 in osteoclast differentiation and activity. PMID: 27829167
- A rare 28kDa dimeric form of alpha-lactalbumin induces cell death, unlike the 14kDa monomeric form. PMID: 28193539
- ATF3 plays a pro-regenerative role in peripheral nervous system (PNS) nerve regeneration, activating a neuropeptide-encoding regeneration-associated gene cluster. PMID: 27581653
- ATF3 is a key regulator of the acinar cell transcriptional response to injury, potentially linking chronic pancreatitis and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). PMID: 28701342
- ATF3 protects against Pseudomonas aeruginosa-induced acute lung injury, possibly by binding to lipopolysaccharide-binding protein. PMID: 28662411
- ATF3 knockout mice exhibit reduced maladaptive cardiac remodeling following pulmonary embolism (PE) by suppressing the IFNγ-CXCL10-CXCR3 axis. PMID: 27870968
- ATF3 protects against high-fat-diet induced cardiac remodeling. PMID: 28082453
- ATF3 protects against LPS-induced acute lung injury by inhibiting TL1A expression. PMID: 28177121
- Myotube contraction and skeletal muscle activity after downhill running increase ATF3 levels, modifying chemokine expression. PMID: 28822763
- ATF3 converges with CSL in negatively regulating cancer-associated fibroblast activation. PMID: 28684431
- ATF3 knockout mice show increased prevalence of CK5+CK8+ epithelial cells. PMID: 26522727
- ATF3 inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced TNF-α and impairs monocyte and macrophage migration. PMID: 27260954
- ATF3 attenuates the expression of inflammation-related genes after exercise, facilitating molecular adaptation to training. PMID: 27856557
- ATF3 plays a significant role in mediating brain microvascular responses to lipotoxic injury, potentially serving as a therapeutic target for endothelial dysfunction in vascular cognitive impairment. PMID: 27087439
- ATF3 in cardiac fibroblasts protects the heart from hypertensive stimuli by suppressing Map2K3 expression and subsequent p38-transforming growth factor-β signaling. PMID: 28249877
- ATF3 is a crucial regulator of cisplatin cytotoxicity; ATF3 inducers combined with platins may represent a novel therapeutic approach for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). PMID: 27659012
- In myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), ATF3 is transrepressed by the glucocorticoid receptor (GR), with S100A9 as a major transcriptional target. PMID: 27573240
- ATF3 modulates inflammatory cytokine expression in chondrocytes, potentially contributing to osteoarthritis pathogenesis. PMID: 27159257
- Cigarette smoke exposure upregulates ATF3 expression in mice. PMID: 28185985
- ATF3 regulates multiple targets in cardiomyocytes, playing crucial roles in hypertrophy, apoptosis, and autophagy. PMID: 26780683
- ATF3 is upregulated in the brain following reperfusion after transient middle cerebral artery occlusion. PMID: 26900013
- Activating transcription factor 3 represses inflammatory responses by binding to the p65 subunit of NF-κB. PMID: 26412238
- ATF3 knockout reduces the stimulatory effect of TGFβ on fibroblasts, protecting mice from experimental fibrosis. PMID: 25589515
- ATF3 is a key regulator in cardiac hypertrophy through cardiomyocyte-macrophage crosstalk. PMID: 26201690
- ATF3 acts as a transcriptional repressor, regulating interferon-β (IFN-β) by directly binding to a regulatory site distal to the Ifnb1 promoter. PMID: 26416280
- ATF3 binds to carboxyl-terminal modulator protein and suppresses its transcription following brain ischemia. PMID: 24771044
- ATF3 negatively regulates iNOS expression and NO production in activated macrophages. PMID: 25752455
- ATF3 suppresses fibrosis early after myocardial infarction but not later; ATF3 deficiency leads to increased fibrosis but improved survival. PMID: 26342068
- During acute inflammation, Atf3 negatively regulates Ptgs2. PMID: 25619459
- ATF3 acts as a tumor suppressor in prostate cancers with dysfunctional Pten, potentially through interaction with AKT signaling. PMID: 25531328
- ATF3 protects against lung injury by preventing inflammatory cell recruitment and barrier disruption; ATF3 deletion impacts Nrf2 regulation through both transcriptional and proteasomal mechanisms. PMID: 25401197
- During Pneumolysin (PLY) infection, PLY induces ATF3 expression through TLR4 and TLR2/4, involving JNK/p38 pathway regulation. PMID: 25518930
- An Atf3-gelsolin cascade affects dendritic spine morphology in tuberous sclerosis complex models. PMID: 26224859
- Endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced ATF3 activation is crucial for the cardioprotective effects of late ischemic preconditioning. PMID: 25151953
- Ethanol exposure blocks CREB recruitment to gluconeogenic promoters by upregulating ATF3, a transcriptional repressor that also binds to cAMP-responsive elements. PMID: 25730876
- ATF3-mediated inhibition of PPARγ expression may contribute to the inhibition of adipocyte differentiation during cellular stress, including ER stress. PMID: 25445599
- Resveratrol enhances renal Klotho gene expression; ATF3 and c-Jun coordinately regulate resveratrol-mediated Klotho activation. PMID: 24911970
- ATF3 interacts with PPARγ and represses PPARγ-mediated transactivation by suppressing p300-stimulated coactivation. PMID: 25446101
Database Links
Protein Families
BZIP family, ATF subfamily
Subcellular Location
Nucleus.
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