Recombinant Mouse DBH-like monooxygenase protein 1 (Moxd1)
Description
Overview of Recombinant Mouse DBH-like Monooxygenase Protein 1 (Moxd1)
Recombinant Mouse DBH-like monooxygenase protein 1 (Moxd1) is a member of the copper-dependent monooxygenase family . Moxd1 plays a significant role in various biological processes, including tumor development and neuronal functions . Studies have shown that Moxd1 expression levels can serve as a marker for sexual dimorphism in specific brain regions and influence tumor growth and metastasis in Glioblastoma (GBM) .
Gene Information
The MOXD1 gene encodes the monooxygenase DBH like 1 protein . It is expressed in various tissues and is involved in oxygenase-catalyzed reduction and activation of oxygen molecules, incorporating oxygen atoms into organic molecules .
Expression and Localization
Moxd1 mRNA expression is prominent in the following areas :
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Brain: Highly expressed in the medial preoptic area (MPOA), specifically the sexually dimorphic nucleus (SDN-POA), bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, posterodorsal (BNSTpr), and medial amygdala, posterodorsal part (MePD) . It is also found in the cerebral cortex, dorsal tenia tecta, subplate layer, olfactory tubercle, striatum, nucleus accumbens, hippocampus, dentate gyrus, and cerebellar Purkinje cells .
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Other Tissues: Also present in the colloid plexus and dura .
Role in Glioblastoma (GBM)
Research indicates that high MOXD1 expression is associated with poor survival rates in GBM patients . MOXD1 knockdown inhibits cell viability, proliferation, migration, invasion, and tumorigenesis of GBM cells . This suggests MOXD1's involvement in GBM development, offering a potential therapeutic target .
4.1. Impact on Cell Proliferation and Tumor Growth
MOXD1 knockdown reduces GBM cell proliferation and induces cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase . It also reduces the expression of key proteins like CDK1, CDK2, Cyclin A1, and Cyclin B1, which are involved in cell cycle progression . Furthermore, MOXD1 knockdown inhibits self-renewal and tumor growth of GBM cells in vivo .
4.2. Effects on Cell Migration and Invasion
MOXD1 affects the migration and invasion capabilities of GBM cells . Knockdown of MOXD1 significantly delays the confluence rate of GBM cells and reduces cell invasion and migration . Additionally, MOXD1 knockdown downregulates N-cadherin, β-catenin, Vimentin, MMP2, and MMP9, while upregulating E-cadherin .
Role as a Tumor Suppressor in Neuroblastoma
MOXD1 acts as a lineage-restricted tumor-suppressor gene in neuroblastoma . Overexpression of MOXD1 in ADRN-like cells prolongs survival and reduces tumor burden in in vivo mouse models .
Sexual Dimorphism
Moxd1 serves as a marker for sexual dimorphism in the MPOA, BNSTpr, and MePD of mice . The number of Moxd1 mRNA-positive cells in these regions is greater in male mice than in female mice . Neonatal castration reduces the number of Moxd1 mRNA-positive cells in the SDN-POA of adult male mice, indicating that Moxd1 expression is influenced by hormonal environment during the perinatal period .
Tables Summarizing Key Findings
7.1. MOXD1 Expression and GBM Patient Survival
| Parameter | Finding |
|---|---|
| MOXD1 Expression | Higher in GBM tissues compared to adjacent normal tissues |
| Survival Rate | High MOXD1 expression associated with poor survival |
| Cell Proliferation | MOXD1 knockdown inhibits cell proliferation |
| Cell Cycle | MOXD1 knockdown induces G2/M phase cell cycle arrest |
| Cell Migration and Invasion | MOXD1 knockdown reduces cell migration and invasion |
| Tumor Growth in Xenograft Model | Smaller tumor size in mice injected with MOXD1 knockdown GBM cells |
7.2. MOXD1 Expression in Brain Regions and Sexual Dimorphism
| Brain Region | Moxd1 Expression | Sexual Dimorphism |
|---|---|---|
| SDN-POA | Strong | Higher expression in males; reduced by neonatal castration |
| BNSTpr and MePD | Uniform | Higher expression in males |
| Cerebral Cortex (CTX) | Strong signals in dorsal tenia tecta (DTT) and subplate layer | No significant sexual dimorphism reported |
| Cerebellar Cortex (Purkinje cells) | Abundant | No significant sexual dimorphism reported |
Product Specs
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Target Background
- Based on its sequence and predicted endoplasmic reticulum localization, MOX (monooxygenase X) is hypothesized to hydroxylate a hydrophobic substrate. [PMID: 15337741]
