Recombinant Mouse Growth-regulated alpha protein (Cxcl1) (Active)
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Description
Production and Purity
Produced in two primary systems:
| Expression System | Purity | Endotoxin | Carrier Protein |
|---|---|---|---|
| E. coli | >97% | <0.1 EU/µg | PBS with BSA (453-KC) or carrier-free (453-KC/CF) |
| HEK 293 | ≥95% | ≤0.005 EU/µg | None |
Reconstitution requires 100 µg/mL in PBS, with BSA supplementation recommended for cell culture applications .
Biological Activity
Key functional properties include:
-
Neutrophil Chemotaxis: ED<sub>50</sub> = 3-15 ng/mL in myeloperoxidase release assays
-
Proinflammatory Effects:
-
Pathological Roles:
Table 1: Key Experimental Uses and Findings
(*Note: Reference numbering retained from source materials)
Comparative Species Specificity
Mouse CXCL1 exhibits:
Product Specs
Buffer
Lyophilized from a 0.2 µm filtered PBS, pH 7.4
Form
Lyophilized powder
Lead Time
5-10 business days
Notes
Repeated freezing and thawing is not recommended. Store working aliquots at 4°C for up to one week.
Reconstitution
We recommend centrifuging the vial briefly before opening to ensure the contents are at the bottom. Reconstitute the protein in deionized sterile water to a concentration of 0.1-1.0 mg/mL. For long-term storage, we recommend adding 5-50% glycerol (final concentration) and aliquoting at -20°C/-80°C. Our default final concentration of glycerol is 50%, which customers can use as a reference.
Shelf Life
The shelf life of this product is influenced by various factors including storage conditions, buffer ingredients, temperature, and the inherent stability of the protein. Generally, the shelf life of the liquid form is 6 months at -20°C/-80°C, while the lyophilized form can be stored for 12 months at -20°C/-80°C.
Storage Condition
Upon receipt, store at -20°C/-80°C. Aliquoting is necessary for multiple uses. Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Tag Info
Tag-Free
Synonyms
Cxcl1; Gro; Gro1; Mgsa; Scyb1Growth-regulated alpha protein; C-X-C motif chemokine 1; Platelet-derived growth factor-inducible protein KC; Secretory protein N51) [Cleaved into: KC(5-72; Hematopoietic synergistic factor; HSF; KC-T)]
Datasheet & Coa
Please contact us to get it.
Expression Region
25-96aa
Mol. Weight
7.8 kDa
Protein Length
Full Length of Mature Protein
Purity
>97% as determined by SDS-PAGE.
Research Area
Immunology
Source
E.coli
Species
Mus musculus (Mouse)
Target Names
Uniprot No.
Target Background
Function
Growth-regulated alpha protein (CXCL1) is a chemokine that exhibits chemotactic activity for neutrophils. It contributes to neutrophil activation during inflammatory responses. As a hematoregulatory chemokine, CXCL1 has been shown to suppress hematopoietic progenitor cell proliferation in vitro. A truncated form, KC(5-72), exhibits significantly enhanced hematopoietic activity.
Gene References Into Functions
- Research indicates that CD4+ T lymphocytes and microglial CD40 contribute to their pro-nociceptive effects, partly by promoting specific chemokine responses. Notably, CXCL1 plays an anti-nociceptive role in peripheral nerve injury-induced neuropathic pain, possibly mediated by infiltrating neutrophils. PMID: 29309879
- The recruitment of adipose stromal cells to tumors, driven by CXCL1 and CXCL8, promotes prostate cancer progression. PMID: 27241286
- Studies demonstrate that C57BL/6J mice exhibit a functional defect in NLRP12, leading to impaired CXCL1 production. Macrophages require NLRP12 expression for effective recruitment of neutrophils to inflammatory sites. PMID: 27779193
- GAG interactions and receptor activity of CXCL1 monomers and dimers are carefully regulated to control neutrophil trafficking for successful resolution of tissue injury. PMID: 27625115
- A paracrine role for Hippo-mediated secretion of CXCL1 and CXCL2 in the production of antimicrobial peptides (beta-defensins), iNOS, NOX2, and pro-inflammatory molecules during mycobacterial infection of the host has been reported. PMID: 27883091
- This study demonstrates that in vivo blocking of CXCL1 and CXCL2 significantly reduces Mycobacterium tuberculosis-induced bioactive IL-1beta production. PMID: 28739876
- CXCL1 contributes to rapid neutrophil recruitment during Bacillus cereus endophthalmitis. In CXCL1-knockout mice, retinal function is enhanced, and neutrophil influx is reduced compared to control mice, confirming its role in ocular inflammation. PMID: 27286792
- Interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) upregulates interleukin 6 (IL-6) and CXCL1 chemokine (CXCL1) production of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (mBM-MSC). PMID: 28791835
- Research elucidates the mCXCL1-mTORC1 pathway as crucial in liver cancer stem cell maintenance. PMID: 27488521
- MMP7 shedding of syndecan-1/CXCL1 complexes serves as a checkpoint that restricts neutrophil activation at sites of epithelial injury. PMID: 26934670
- Data show that loss of matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MMP-3) repressed the upregulation of the chemokines monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1 and (C-X-C motif) ligand 1 (CXCL1). PMID: 27809288
- These findings reveal the critical role of the NLRP12-IL-17A-CXCL1 axis in host defense by modulating neutrophil recruitment against Klebsiella pneumoniae. PMID: 26349659
- Nlrp12 deficiency results in increased neutrophil migration towards the chemokine CXCL1 and the neutrophil parasite Leishmania major, indicating that NLRP12 acts as a negative regulator of directed neutrophil migration under these conditions. PMID: 26514298
- Chemotactic activity of stellate cell-derived CXCL1 was assayed in vitro on neutrophils upon TLR4 activation. PMID: 27002851
- IL-17RA regulates CXL-1 and 5 production in the lungs during the adaptive response. PMID: 26871571
- Data suggest that CXCL1/IL-8, released from osteoclasts in an autoantibody-dependent manner, produces pain by activating sensory neurons. PMID: 26613766
- TGF-beta negatively regulates CXCL1 expression in CAFs through Smad2/3 binding to the promoter, and through suppression of HGF/c-Met autocrine signaling. PMID: 26252654
- Research shows parallel networks of necroptosis-induced CXCL1 and Mincle signaling that promote macrophage-induced adaptive immune suppression and thereby enable pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma progression. PMID: 27049944
- Repeated social defeat-induced VCAM-1 protein expression was localized to the vasculature of brain regions implicated in fear and anxiety responses. PMID: 25445193
- In a chronic-binge ethanol-feeding model, the hepatic TLR2 and TLR9-dependent MyD88-dependent pathway mediates CXCL1 production, resulting in the development of alcohol-mediated liver injury. PMID: 25930080
- IL-1 signaling plays a pivotal role in activating mucosal stromal cells to secrete CXCL1, which is essential for infiltration of IL-22-secreting neutrophils upon Citrobacter rodentium infection. PMID: 26034212
- Zfp30 is expressed in airway epithelia in the normal mouse lung, and Zfp30 expression in vitro affects CXCL1 responses to an immune stimulus. PMID: 25114278
- Metoprolol also decreased serum levels of proinflammatory cytokines TNFalpha and CXCL1 and macrophage content in the plaques, suggesting that metoprolol has an anti-inflammatory effect. PMID: 25105129
- This study demonstrated the role of peripheral CXCL1/CXCR2 signaling in postoperative pain in the setting of prior morphine exposure. PMID: 24887006
- Phagocytosis of refrigerator-stored RBCs in vivo induced increases in circulating monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and keratinocyte chemoattractant (KC). PMID: 25041478
- Neutrophil recruitment and the neutrophil cytokines, CXCL1/CXCL2, were suppressed in apo(a)transgenic mice in the abdominal aortic aneurysm model. PMID: 24650562
- These data identify a cytokine circuit involving IL-1beta-induced production of CXCL1 and CXCL2 that leads to the recruitment of neutrophils to streptococcal infection sites. PMID: 25114117
- Estrogen receptors alpha regulate CCL20/CXCL1 secretion in the female reproductive tract. PMID: 23025258
- These studies suggest that modulation of CXCL1 levels in tissues and blood could reduce bacterial burden in sepsis. PMID: 25172493
- Pharmacological inhibition of NAMPT activity mitigates inflammation in atherosclerotic plaques by reducing CXCL1-mediated activities on neutrophils. PMID: 24196571
- Data indicate that levels of toll-like receptors TLR4/4-stimulated chemokines CXCL1 and CXCL2 were selectively enhanced in stressed macrophages via receptor-interacting protein kinase 1 (RIPK1). PMID: 24920846
- Findings demonstrated that CXCL1 and CXCL5 are increased in circulation with the onset of T2D, are produced by islets under stress, and synergistically affect islet function, suggesting that these chemokines participate in the pathogenesis of T2D. PMID: 24928936
- In vitro, neutrophils adherent to ICAM-1 or ICAM-2 rapidly released TNF in response to LTB4, C5a, and KC. PMID: 24913232
- Secretion of Cxcl1 (KC) cytokine is inhibited by electrical stimulation in early and late experimentally induced arthritic spleen. PMID: 23791889
- A sustained form of CXCL1 upregulation is demonstrated that can drive neuropathic pain in the spinal cord. PMID: 23831863
- The presence of CXCL1 is required for recurrent Herpetic stromal keratitis, as evidenced by the lack of corneal disease in mice treated with anti-CXCL1 Ab. PMID: 24442436
- CXCL1 expressed by monocytes and CXCR2 on HBMEC is involved in monocytes migrating from blood to the brain in AD patients. PMID: 23967336
- BCG-triggered increase of lipid body biogenesis was inhibited by the PPARgamma antagonist GW9662, but not by the NF-kappaB inhibitor JSH-23. Conversely, KC/CXCL1 production was largely dependent on NF-kappaB but not on PPARgamma. PMID: 24120921
- IL-17 and TNF-alpha synergistically mediate CXCL1 production by ATII cells after ischemia/reperfusion, via an NADPH oxidase-dependent mechanism. PMID: 24186876
- Excessive CXCL1 expression in gp130-deficient endothelial cells augments neutrophil adhesion but hinders migration, most likely by disrupting chemotactic gradients. PMID: 24081661
- KC, a potent neutrophil chemoattractant and an established angiogenic factor, failed to interfere in the post-infarction inflammatory response, in wound healing, and scar formation after MI. PMID: 23598282
- Molecular basis of glycosaminoglycan heparin binding to the chemokine CXCL1 dimer. PMID: 23864653
- Overexpression and distinct localization of LCN2, CXCL1, and CXCL9 in the liver of fatty liver Shionogi mice suggest significant roles of these proteins in the pathogenesis of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. PMID: 23875831
- At day 10, CIP treatment not only significantly reduced pro-inflammatory cytokine and chemokine concentrations, including interleukin-6 (IL-6) and KC, but it also enhanced IL-3 production compared to vehicle-treated controls. PMID: 23520506
- In severe S. aureus bacteraemia in mice, TNF-alpha, IL-1alpha, and KC are biomarkers predicting fatal outcome of infection. PMID: 23520553
- The model proposes that mast cells, optimally positioned in close proximity to the vasculature, initiate an early phase of neutrophil recruitment by releasing the chemoattractants CXCL1/CXCL2. PMID: 23645836
- When expressed, CXCL1 is limited to small areas with faint staining, and PCa progression does not rely on CXCL1 expression. PMID: 23334998
- MMP9 expressed by intestinal epithelial cells mediates inflammation in colitis with simultaneous increase in proinflammatory cytokine Kc. PMID: 23471340
- Early systemic release of IL-6 and keratinocyte-derived chemokine Cxcl1 may not necessarily predict an unfavorable outcome in this model of stroke. PMID: 22533966
- Intrahepatic CXCL1 & circulating CXCL1 were strongly induced shortly after islet infusion. Blockade of the CXCL1-CXCR1/2 axis in mice improved intrahepatic islet engraftment. The CXCR1/2-mediated pathway is a regulator of islet damage. PMID: 22996693
Database Links
Protein Families
Intercrine alpha (chemokine CxC) family
Subcellular Location
Secreted.
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