Recombinant Mouse Platelet factor 4 (Pf4) (Active)
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Description
Coagulation Regulation
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Neutralizes heparin-like molecules on endothelial surfaces, promoting coagulation by inhibiting antithrombin III .
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Binds heparin with higher affinity than chondroitin sulfate, enhancing clot stability .
Immune Modulation
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Chemotaxis: Attracts neutrophils, monocytes, and fibroblasts via integrin Mac-1 (CD11b/CD18) .
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Anti-inflammatory Effects: Reduces pro-inflammatory cytokine release in liver macrophages and promotes activated Protein C (APC) generation, mitigating acute liver injury .
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Bacterial Clearance: Enhances phagocytosis of Staphylococcus aureus by macrophages and neutrophils, improving survival in murine peritonitis models .
Tissue Repair and Regeneration
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Accelerates wound healing by moderating angiogenesis (inhibits FGF and VEGF signaling) .
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Rejuvenates hippocampal neurogenesis in aged mice, improving cognitive function .
Table 1: Experimental Models and Outcomes
Therapeutic Applications and Preclinical Insights
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Liver Disease: PF4 attenuates experimental liver injury by modulating macrophage activity .
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Infections: Augments host defense against methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) .
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Aging: Reverses age-related declines in hematopoietic stem cell function and cognitive capacity .
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Cancer: Inhibits tumor angiogenesis by blocking FGF dimerization and VEGF receptor signaling .
Pharmacological Considerations
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Dosage: Effective in vivo doses range from 40 µg/mL (cell studies) to 500 ng (tail vein injections in mice) .
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Stability: Lyophilized PF4 remains stable at -80°C for 12 months; reconstituted solutions retain activity for 1 week at 4°C .
Future Directions
Product Specs
Buffer
Lyophilized from a 0.2 µm sterile filtered solution containing 20 mM phosphate buffer (PB), 1.5 M sodium chloride (NaCl), pH 7.4.
Form
Lyophilized powder
Lead Time
5-10 business days
Notes
Repeated freeze-thaw cycles are not recommended. Store working aliquots at 4°C for up to one week.
Reconstitution
We recommend centrifuging the vial briefly before opening to ensure the contents are at the bottom. Reconstitute the protein in deionized sterile water to a concentration of 0.1-1.0 mg/mL. For long-term storage, we recommend adding 5-50% glycerol (final concentration) and aliquotting the solution for storage at -20°C/-80°C. Our default final concentration of glycerol is 50% and can be used as a reference.
Shelf Life
The shelf life is dependent on various factors including storage state, buffer components, storage temperature, and the protein's inherent stability.
Generally, the shelf life of the liquid form is 6 months at -20°C/-80°C. The lyophilized form has a shelf life of 12 months at -20°C/-80°C.
Generally, the shelf life of the liquid form is 6 months at -20°C/-80°C. The lyophilized form has a shelf life of 12 months at -20°C/-80°C.
Storage Condition
Store at -20°C/-80°C upon receipt. Aliquot for multiple use to avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Tag Info
Tag-Free
Synonyms
Pf4; Cxcl4; Scyb4; Platelet factor 4; PF-4; C-X-C motif chemokine 4
Datasheet & Coa
Please contact us to get it.
Expression Region
30-105aa
Mol. Weight
8.2 kDa
Protein Length
Full Length of Mature Protein
Purity
>97% as determined by SDS-PAGE.
Research Area
Immunology
Source
E.coli
Species
Mus musculus (Mouse)
Target Names
Uniprot No.
Target Background
Function
Platelet factor 4 (PF4) is released during platelet aggregation. It neutralizes the anticoagulant effect of heparin by binding more strongly to heparin than to the chondroitin-4-sulfate chains of the carrier molecule. PF4 exhibits chemotactic activity towards neutrophils and monocytes and inhibits endothelial cell proliferation.
Gene References Into Functions
- These data demonstrate that PF4 plays a significant role in enhancing B cell differentiation within the bone marrow environment. PMID: 28914425
- These findings identify CXCL4 as a crucial immunoregulatory chemokine essential for protecting mice against influenza A virus infection, particularly in mitigating lung injury and promoting neutrophil mobilization to the inflamed lung. PMID: 28120850
- These results indicate that CXCL4 is a novel Ni-binding protein that amplifies Ni allergy during both sensitization and elicitation phases. This is the first study to demonstrate that a Ni-binding protein augments Ni allergy in vivo. PMID: 28319310
- PF4 was produced by Ly6G+CD11b+ immature myeloid cells in the early premetastatic lungs and exhibited decreased expression during metastatic progression. PMID: 27223426
- These data demonstrate that the CXCR2 network and CXCL4 contribute to the maintenance of normal HSC/HPC cell fates, including survival and self-renewal. PMID: 27222476
- Platelet-derived CXCL7 and CXCL4 contribute to the pathogenesis of acute lung injury. PMID: 27755915
- CXCL4 plays a significant role in pancreatic inflammation. PMID: 27183218
- Platelet secretion of CXCL4 is Rac1-dependent and regulates neutrophil infiltration and tissue damage in septic lung damage. PMID: 26478565
- PF4 exhibits a complex intramedullary life cycle with significant implications in megakaryopoiesis and hematopoietic stem cell replication, a characteristic not observed with other tested alpha granule proteins. PMID: 26256688
- Heparin enhances antigen uptake and activates the initial steps in the cellular immune response to PF4-containing complexes. PMID: 25960020
- Data suggest that platelet factor 4 (PF4) is directly involved in the liver's innate immune response against ischaemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) by regulating Th17 cell differentiation. PMID: 25440775
- CXCL4 regulates hematopoietic stem cell cell cycle activity. PMID: 25326802
- Platelet factor 4 plays a role in regulating Th17 differentiation and cardiac allograft rejection. PMID: 24463452
- Histones regulate activated protein C formation in a manner similar to PF4, suggesting heparinoids may be beneficial in sepsis. PMID: 24177324
- PF4 drives a vascular smooth muscle inflammatory phenotype characterized by a decline in differentiation markers, increased cytokine production, and cell proliferation. PMID: 23568488
- PF4 expression on intestinal epithelial cells is elevated after IR at both the mRNA and protein levels. These findings suggest that PF4 may be a significant mediator of local and remote tissue damage. PMID: 22792197
- These results suggest that Cxcl4 and Cxcl7 play a role in the development of neurobehavioral alterations triggered by in utero TCDD exposure, which manifest in adulthood. PMID: 21509788
- PF4 may have a role in bacterial defense, and heparin-induced thrombocytopenia is likely a misdirected antibacterial host defense mechanism. PMID: 20959601
- In vivo, the half-life and diffusibility of CXCL4L1 are significantly increased compared to Cxcl4. PMID: 20688960
- These data indicate that PF4-induced monocyte KLF4 expression may be a crucial step in the pathogenesis of experimental cerebral malaria. PMID: 20454664
- Micronutrients effectively promote tumor dormancy in early prostate cancer by inducing platelet factor-4 expression and concentrating it at the tumor endothelium through enhanced platelet binding. PMID: 20525356
- CXC chemokine ligand 4 (Cxcl4) is a platelet-derived mediator of experimental liver fibrosis. PMID: 20162727
- PF4 plays a significant role in thrombosis, and neutralization of PF4 is a critical component of heparin's anticoagulant effect. PMID: 14764524
- Platelet factor 4 and interleukin-8 CXC chemokine heterodimer formation modulates function at the quaternary structural level. PMID: 15531763
- The PF4 storage pathway in alpha-granules is not a default pathway, but rather a regular granule storage pathway that likely requires specific sorting mechanisms. PMID: 15613031
- Analysis of the granule targeting sequence within platelet factor 4. PMID: 15964840
- Clinical heterogeneity in the HIT immune response may be partially attributed to requirements for specific biophysical parameters of the PF4/heparin complexes that occur in settings of intense platelet activation and PF4 release. PMID: 17848616
- Platelet-associated PF-4, but not its plasma counterpart, may represent a potential biomarker for early tumor presence. PMID: 17914028
- The platelet-specific chemokine PF4 promotes atherosclerotic lesion development in vivo. PMID: 18000617
- Brain microglia are a cellular source of CXCL4 gene expression. PMID: 18248618
- Platelet-derived PF4 contributes to immune activation and T cell trafficking, which contribute to the pathogenesis of experimental cerebral malaria. PMID: 18692777
- Platelet factor 4 regulates megakaryopoiesis through low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1) on megakaryocytes. PMID: 19605848
Database Links
Protein Families
Intercrine alpha (chemokine CxC) family
Subcellular Location
Secreted.
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