Recombinant Mouse Vomeronasal type-1 receptor 45 (Vmn1r45)
Description
Recombinant Production and Applications
Recombinant Vmn1r45 is commercially produced for experimental studies. MyBioSource offers two variants:
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Cell-Free Expression System: Host-free synthesis for structural studies .
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Cellular Expression Systems: Optimized for functional assays in heterologous platforms .
Key Research Uses:
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Ligand Screening: Identifies pheromones and sulfated steroids activating V1R pathways .
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Behavioral Studies: Knockout models (e.g., Vmn1r45<tm1a(KOMP)Mbp>) reveal impaired mating responses and stress dysregulation .
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Neural Circuit Mapping: Calcium imaging shows dose-dependent activation in VNO neurons, with dynamic ranges spanning 3–4 log units .
Ligand Specificity and Sensitivity
Vmn1r45-expressing neurons exhibit narrow individual dynamic ranges but collectively detect ligands across broad concentrations:
| Ligand Type | Response Threshold | Max Activation | Citation |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sulfated estrogens | 10⁻¹⁰ M | 10⁻⁸–10⁻⁷ M | |
| ESP1 (exocrine peptide) | Not detected | – | |
| Glucuronidated steroids | 10⁻⁹ M | 10⁻⁷ M |
Bell-shaped dose-response curves suggest receptor saturation or desensitization at high ligand concentrations .
Behavioral Relevance
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Mating Behavior: Female mice lacking Vmn1r45 homologs (e.g., ancV1R) reject male advances due to impaired pheromone detection .
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Stress Response: Increased lateral septal neural activity correlates with social stress in knockout models .
Evolutionary and Comparative Context
Vmn1r45 belongs to an ancient V1R lineage conserved from fish to mammals . While mice retain ~187 functional V1Rs, humans retain only five pseudogenized remnants, reflecting divergent pheromone sensing strategies .
Limitations and Future Directions
Current challenges include:
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Heterologous Expression: Low yield in non-VNO systems complicates structural studies .
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Ligand Discovery: Only 19/140 tested odorants activate human V1R homologs, suggesting undiscovered natural ligands .
Ongoing work focuses on CRISPR-engineered models and single-cell transcriptomics to map Vmn1r45’s role in social behavior circuits .
Product Specs
Please note that we will prioritize shipping the format currently in stock. However, if you have specific format requirements, please indicate them in your order. We will fulfill your request to the best of our ability.
As a standard practice, all our proteins are shipped with regular blue ice packs. If you require dry ice shipping, please inform us in advance. An additional fee will be applied for this service.
Generally, liquid forms have a shelf life of 6 months at -20°C/-80°C. Lyophilized forms have a shelf life of 12 months at -20°C/-80°C.
