Recombinant Nitrosomonas europaea D-alanine--D-alanine ligase (ddl)

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Cat. No.
BT2491338
Source
Yeast
Synonyms
ddl; ddlB; NE0994D-alanine--D-alanine ligase; EC 6.3.2.4; D-Ala-D-Ala ligase; D-alanylalanine synthetase
Purity
>85% (SDS-PAGE)
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Cat. No.
BT2491338
Source
E.coli
Synonyms
ddl; ddlB; NE0994D-alanine--D-alanine ligase; EC 6.3.2.4; D-Ala-D-Ala ligase; D-alanylalanine synthetase
Purity
>85% (SDS-PAGE)
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Cat. No.
BT2491338
Source
E.coli
Synonyms
ddl; ddlB; NE0994D-alanine--D-alanine ligase; EC 6.3.2.4; D-Ala-D-Ala ligase; D-alanylalanine synthetase
Purity
>85% (SDS-PAGE)
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Cat. No.
BT2491338
Source
Baculovirus
Synonyms
ddl; ddlB; NE0994D-alanine--D-alanine ligase; EC 6.3.2.4; D-Ala-D-Ala ligase; D-alanylalanine synthetase
Purity
>85% (SDS-PAGE)
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Cat. No.
BT2491338
Source
Mammalian cell
Synonyms
ddl; ddlB; NE0994D-alanine--D-alanine ligase; EC 6.3.2.4; D-Ala-D-Ala ligase; D-alanylalanine synthetase
Purity
>85% (SDS-PAGE)
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Description

General Characteristics of D-alanine--D-alanine Ligase (ddl)

  • Function: ddl enzymes are part of the ATP-grasp superfamily and play a vital role in bacterial cell wall synthesis by forming the d-alanyl--d-alanine dipeptide .

  • Structure: The enzyme consists of an N-terminal, central, and C-terminal domain, with each subunit possessing a single ATP-binding site and two d-Ala binding sites .

  • Importance: ddl is a target for antibiotics like d-cycloserine, used in treating multi-drug-resistant tuberculosis .

3.1. Antibiotic Resistance

  • D-cycloserine Resistance: Variants of ddl have been found to confer resistance to d-cycloserine, an antibiotic used for treating multi-drug-resistant tuberculosis .

  • Vancomycin Resistance: ddl can serve as a marker to predict vancomycin resistance in certain bacteria, as it influences peptidoglycan composition .

3.2. Substrate Specificity

  • Broad Substrate Specificity: Some ddl enzymes, like those from Escherichia coli and Thermotoga maritima, show broad substrate specificity for various D-amino acids .

3.3. Applications in Biotechnology

  • Counterselection Marker: ddl has been used as a counterselection marker in genetic engineering of lactic acid bacteria to enhance genome editing efficiency .

Potential Applications and Future Directions

While specific information on "Recombinant Nitrosomonas europaea D-alanine--D-alanine ligase (ddl)" is not available, the general study of ddl enzymes highlights their potential in biotechnology and antibiotic resistance research. Future studies could explore the cloning and characterization of ddl from Nitrosomonas europaea to understand its unique properties and potential applications.

Data Table: Characteristics of D-alanine--D-alanine Ligase (ddl) Enzymes

Enzyme SourceFunctionAntibiotic ResistanceSubstrate Specificity
Escherichia coliCell wall synthesisD-cycloserine resistanceBroad specificity for D-amino acids
Thermotoga maritimaCell wall synthesis-Broad specificity for D-amino acids
Lactobacillus spp.Predicts vancomycin resistanceVancomycin resistance marker -
Nitrosomonas europaeaNot specifically studied--

Product Specs

Form
Lyophilized powder

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Lead Time
Delivery times vary depending on the purchasing method and location. Please consult your local distributor for precise delivery timelines.

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Notes
Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles. Store working aliquots at 4°C for up to one week.
Reconstitution
Centrifuge the vial briefly before opening to collect the contents. Reconstitute the protein in sterile, deionized water to a concentration of 0.1-1.0 mg/mL. For long-term storage, we recommend adding 5-50% glycerol (final concentration) and aliquoting at -20°C/-80°C. Our standard glycerol concentration is 50% and can serve as a guideline.
Shelf Life
Shelf life depends on various factors including storage conditions, buffer composition, temperature, and protein stability. Generally, liquid formulations have a 6-month shelf life at -20°C/-80°C, while lyophilized forms have a 12-month shelf life at -20°C/-80°C.
Storage Condition
Upon receipt, store at -20°C/-80°C. Aliquoting is crucial for multiple uses. Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Tag Info
Tag type is determined during manufacturing.

The tag type is determined during the production process. If you require a specific tag, please inform us, and we will prioritize its development.

Synonyms
ddl; ddlB; NE0994D-alanine--D-alanine ligase; EC 6.3.2.4; D-Ala-D-Ala ligase; D-alanylalanine synthetase
Buffer Before Lyophilization
Tris/PBS-based buffer, 6% Trehalose.
Datasheet
Please contact us to get it.
Expression Region
1-305
Protein Length
full length protein
Purity
>85% (SDS-PAGE)
Species
Nitrosomonas europaea (strain ATCC 19718 / CIP 103999 / KCTC 2705 / NBRC 14298)
Target Names
ddl
Target Protein Sequence
MNTRDVGKVA VLLGGRSAER EISLRSGQAV LAALQRSRVN AHAFDPAGQP LENLLQQGFD RVFIALHGRY GEDGSVQGAL ELMELPYTGS GILASALAMD KWRTKMIWQA AGINTPDYVM LDASSRFRDV ADRLGLPLII KPAREGSTLG LNKVDNEQDF RSAYQAAAEY DSLVLAEQFI QGIELTAAIL DDMPLPLVRI DVAEGLYDYQ AKYFSESTRY TCPSGLSAAL TTRIQEQALY AHRILGCTGW SRVDLILDEN EQPFFLETNT SPGMTDHSLV PMAAKAAGIS FDELVVQILE LSCEH
Uniprot No.
Q82VS0

Target Background

Function

Cell wall formation.

Database Links

KEGG: neu:NE0994

STRING: 228410.NE0994

Protein Families
D-alanine--D-alanine ligase family
Subcellular Location
Cytoplasm.

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