Recombinant Oryza sativa subsp. japonica Probable L-ascorbate peroxidase 4 (APX4) is a genetically engineered enzyme derived from the rice subspecies Oryza sativa subsp. japonica. This enzyme is part of the ascorbate peroxidase family, which plays a crucial role in protecting plants from oxidative stress by detoxifying hydrogen peroxide (HO), a reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced during normal metabolic processes and under stress conditions .
APX4 is localized in the peroxisomes of rice cells, where it helps in the scavenging of HO generated during photorespiration and fatty acid beta-oxidation . The enzyme catalyzes the reduction of HO to water using ascorbate as an electron donor, thereby maintaining cellular redox balance and preventing oxidative damage .
Research on APX4 has shown that its silencing or knockdown in rice can lead to increased tolerance to oxidative stress under certain conditions. For instance, OsAPX4-RNAi plants exhibited enhanced photosynthetic activities and increased levels of proteins involved in the ascorbate-glutathione cycle when catalase (CAT) was inhibited . This suggests that APX4 plays a role in modulating antioxidant pathways in response to stress.
APX4 contributes to stress tolerance by regulating the levels of ROS in plant cells. Under conditions of high photorespiration, APX4-silenced plants show better acclimation to oxidative stress, indicating a compensatory mechanism involving other antioxidant enzymes .