Picrophilus torridus probable porphobilinogen deaminase (PBGD), also known as hydroxymethylbilane synthase (HMBS), is an enzyme involved in the biosynthesis of heme . Heme is an essential molecule for various biological processes, including oxygen transport, electron transfer, and catalysis. PBGD, encoded by the hemC gene, catalyzes the head-to-tail condensation of four porphobilinogen molecules into hydroxymethylbilane, a linear tetrapyrrole precursor of porphyrins .
The enzymatic reaction mechanism involves several steps :
Elimination of ammonia from porphobilinogen to generate a carbocation intermediate.
Attack of the carbocation intermediate by the dipyrrole cofactor, forming a trimer covalently bound to the enzyme.
Repeated addition of porphobilinogen molecules to form a hexamer.
Hydrolysis to release hydroxymethylbilane and regenerate the cofactor.
Picrophilus torridus is an extreme thermoacidophilic archaeon, thriving in highly acidic and high-temperature environments . Its ability to survive in such harsh conditions makes it a subject of interest for understanding the adaptations of life under extreme conditions. The presence of a functional heme biosynthesis pathway, including PBGD, suggests its importance for the organism's survival and metabolic processes .
KEGG: pto:PTO0249
STRING: 263820.PTO0249