Recombinant ORC5 refers to the subunit expressed and purified in vitro using systems such as rabbit reticulocyte lysate, baculovirus-infected insect cells, or mammalian expression vectors . Key features include:
ATP hydrolysis by ORC5 is not essential for yeast viability but contributes to ORC stability and DNA replication fidelity . Mutations in its Walker A motif (e.g., K118A) disrupt ATP binding, impairing pre-RC assembly and replication in humanized systems .
ORC5 is indispensable for ORC’s high-affinity binding to Autonomously Replicating Sequences (ARS) .
ATP binding by ORC5 stabilizes ORC-DNA interactions, with mutations (e.g., GKT→GAT) reducing replication efficiency in Xenopus extracts .
In S. cerevisiae, ORC5 mutants defective in ATP binding (e.g., orc5-1) retain silencing functions but fail to initiate replication, highlighting separable roles in replication and chromatin regulation .
ORC5 bridges ORC4 and ORC2/3 subcomplexes. Yeast two-hybrid assays confirm direct ORC4-ORC5 binding, dependent on ORC5’s ATPase activity .
Recombinant ORC1-5 subcomplexes lacking ORC6 retain DNA-binding and replication competence, underscoring ORC5’s structural centrality .
Walker A Motif Mutants: Disrupt ATPase activity, impairing chromatin loading and pre-RC formation in human ORC .
N-terminal Truncations: Reduce ORC stability but preserve DNA binding, suggesting a regulatory role for the N-terminus .
Recombinant ORC5 is typically co-expressed with other ORC subunits for functional studies:
Baculovirus Systems: Yield ORC1-5 complexes with near-stoichiometric subunit ratios .
Mammalian Systems: Enable humanized ORC studies, revealing conserved ATPase mechanisms .
How do ORC5’s ATPase activities coordinate with ORC1 and ORC4 during origin licensing?
What structural rearrangements occur in ORC5 during helicase loading?
KEGG: sce:YNL261W
STRING: 4932.YNL261W