Ras-related protein Ral-A (RALA) is a small GTPase belonging to the Ras superfamily. It functions as a molecular switch, cycling between inactive GDP-bound and active GTP-bound states to regulate processes such as vesicle trafficking, mitochondrial fission, and cell division .
| Domain/Region | Characteristics |
|---|---|
| GTP-binding domain | Binds GTP/GDP; mediates activation/inactivation cycles |
| Switch I/II regions | Interact with downstream effectors (e.g., RALBP1, SEC5, EXO84) |
| Hypervariable C-tail | Determines subcellular localization; phosphorylation sites (e.g., Ser194 in RALA) |
RALA interacts with diverse effectors to coordinate critical functions:
| Effector | Binding Region | Biological Process | Citation |
|---|---|---|---|
| RALBP1 | Switch I/II | Mitochondrial fission, endocytosis | |
| SEC5/EXO84 | Switch I | Exocyst assembly, vesicle trafficking | |
| PLD1 | N-terminal | Phospholipase D activation |
Anchorage-independent growth: RALA promotes tumorigenesis in bladder, prostate, and pancreatic cancers .
Expression correlation: High RALA levels correlate with advanced cancer stages and poor prognosis .
| Approach | Mechanism | Status |
|---|---|---|
| RALGAP activation | Enhances GTP hydrolysis to inactivate RAL | Preclinical |
| Effector inhibition | Disrupts RALBP1 or exocyst interactions | Experimental |
While no data exists for Saguinus oedipus RALA, human recombinant RALA is typically generated via:
Gene Cloning: Isolate RALA cDNA and insert into expression vectors.
Expression Systems: Use bacterial (E. coli) or mammalian (HEK293) systems.
Purification: Affinity chromatography (e.g., GST-tagged RALA).
Functional Assays: GTPase activity measured via malachite green assay .
Species-specific data: No studies on Saguinus oedipus RALA exist; comparative genomics or de novo sequencing would be required.
Functional studies: Prioritize cross-species homology modeling to infer tamarin RALA behavior.