Recombinant Salmonella gallinarum ATP synthase subunit c (atpE)
Description
Production and Handling
The recombinant protein is manufactured under controlled conditions to ensure high purity and stability:
Functional Role in ATP Synthase and Pathogenesis
Subunit c is integral to the F₁F₀ ATP synthase, which operates reversibly:
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ATP Synthesis: In energy-replete conditions, proton gradient-driven rotation of the F₀ subunits (including subunit c) drives ATP production via F₁ subunits .
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Proton Translocation: Subunit c facilitates proton movement across the membrane, critical for maintaining membrane potential .
In Salmonella, the ATP synthase is regulated by virulence factors like MgtC, which binds the a subunit of F₀ to inhibit proton translocation and ATP synthesis. This modulation:
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Maintains Cytoplasmic pH: Prevents acidification during phagocytosis by macrophages .
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Reduces ATP Levels: Low ATP suppresses cyclic diguanylate (c-di-GMP), a secondary messenger that promotes biofilm formation (e.g., cellulose synthesis) .
Virulence Studies
The recombinant atpE protein is used to study ATP synthase inhibition by MgtC. Mutations in mgtC or atpB (encoding subunit a) disrupt ATP levels and intracellular pH, impairing Salmonella survival in macrophages .
Diagnostic and Vaccine Development
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ELISA Kits: Recombinant atpE is utilized in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays to detect anti-atpE antibodies, aiding in serological studies .
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Vaccine Platforms: While not directly linked to atpE, Salmonella gallinarum strains modified to express heterologous antigens (e.g., APEC type I fimbriae) are explored as vaccine vectors, leveraging their avirulence and immunogenicity .
Comparative Analysis with Homologs
Product Specs
Note: We prioritize shipping the format currently in stock. However, if you require a specific format, please specify your needs during order placement, and we will accommodate your request.
Note: All our proteins are shipped with standard blue ice packs. If you require dry ice shipping, please inform us in advance, as additional fees will apply.
Generally, liquid formulations have a shelf life of 6 months at -20°C/-80°C. Lyophilized forms have a shelf life of 12 months at -20°C/-80°C.
Target Background
KEGG: seg:SG3563
